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arXiv 1802.09078astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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星系团中浮力气泡产生Internal Waves及团内介质加热

Generation of Internal Waves by Buoyant Bubbles in Galaxy Clusters and Heating of Intracluster Medium

Congyao Zhang, Eugene Churazov, Alexander A. Schekochihin

摘要:

星系团核心的相对论性等离子体中的浮力气泡可能在将能量从超大质量黑洞传递到星系团内介质(ICM)的过程中起着关键作用,这一过程被称为射电模式AGN反馈。能量守恒保证了气泡在跨越几个压力标度高度后将其大部分能量损失给ICM。然而,负责将能量转移到ICM的实际过程仍在争论中。一个有吸引力的可能性是激发内波,内波被困在星系团的核心,最终消散。在这里,我们表明,这些波在分层集群大气中的有效激发的充分条件是扁平的气泡在径向方向。在我们的数值模拟中,我们模型的气泡现象作为刚体conventantly在分层集群大气中上升。我们发现扁平气泡的终极速度足够小,以至于Froude数${\rm Fr}\lesssim 1$。分层效应对平衡浮力的总阻力起主要作用。特别是,在模拟中可以看到明显的内波迹象。这些波从上升的气泡水平向下传播,将其能量传播到ICM的大体积上。如果将我们的发现与英仙座星系团的条件进行对比,那么在星系团核心附近,预期的终极速度为$\sim100-200{\,\rm km\,s^{-1}}$,这与Hitomi卫星的直接测量结果基本一致。

英文摘要:

Buoyant bubbles of relativistic plasma in cluster cores plausibly play a key role in conveying the energy from a supermassive black hole to the intracluster medium (ICM) - the process known as radio-mode AGN feedback. Energy conservation guarantees that a bubble loses most of its energy to the ICM after crossing several pressure scale heights. However, actual processes responsible for transferring the energy to the ICM are still being debated. One attractive possibility is the excitation of internal waves, which are trapped in the cluster's core and eventually dissipate. Here we show that a sufficient condition for efficient excitation of these waves in stratified cluster atmospheres is flattening of the bubbles in the radial direction. In our numerical simulations, we model the bubbles phenomenologically as rigid bodies buoyantly rising in the stratified cluster atmosphere. We find that the terminal velocities of the flattened bubbles are small enough so that the Froude number ${\rm Fr}\lesssim 1$. The effects of stratification make the dominant contribution to the total drag force balancing the buoyancy force. In particular, clear signs of internal waves are seen in the simulations. These waves propagate horizontally and downwards from the rising bubble, spreading their energy over large volumes of the ICM. If our findings are scaled to the conditions of the Perseus cluster, the expected terminal velocity is $\sim100-200{\,\rm km\,s^{-1}}$ near the cluster cores, which is in broad agreement with direct measurements by the Hitomi satellite.

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