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arXiv 2203.04259astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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星系团中气泡驱动的气体运动及其速度特征

Bubble-driven Gas Uplift in Galaxy Clusters and its Velocity Features

Congyao Zhang, Irina Zhuravleva, Marie-Lou Gendron-Marsolais, Eugene Churazov, Alexander A. Schekochihin, William R. Forman

摘要:

相对论性等离子体的浮力气泡是星系团中活动星系核反馈、搅动和加热团内介质(ICM)的关键。观察表明,这些上升的气泡保持其完整性和尖锐的边缘比流体动力学模拟预测的时间长得多。在这项研究中,我们假设气泡可以被建模为刚体,并证明完整的气泡及其与周围ICM的长期相互作用在塑造气体运动学,形成薄的气体结构(例如,H $α$细丝),并在簇芯中产生内波。我们发现,发达的漩涡形成后,一个积极上升的气泡,这是这些漩涡,而不是达尔文漂移,是负责大部分的气体质量隆起。由于大气层的强烈密度分层,涡旋沿着气泡的运动方向逐渐拉长,最终脱离气泡,迅速演变成高速喷流,向星团中心传播。这张照片很自然地解释了英仙座星系团中长而直的马蹄形H $α$细丝的存在,气体的向内和向外运动,以及Hitomi观察到的西北气泡附近的X射线加权气体速度分布。我们的模型再现了所观察到的H $α$速度结构函数的细丝,提供了一个简单的解释,其陡峭的缩放和归一化:层流气体流动和大涡驱动的完整的气泡,而不是空间均匀的小尺度湍流细丝内,足以产生一个结构函数与观察一致。

英文摘要:

Buoyant bubbles of relativistic plasma are essential for active galactic nucleus feedback in galaxy clusters, stirring and heating the intracluster medium (ICM). Observations suggest that these rising bubbles maintain their integrity and sharp edges much longer than predicted by hydrodynamic simulations. In this study, we assume that bubbles can be modeled as rigid bodies and demonstrate that intact bubbles and their long-term interactions with the ambient ICM play an important role in shaping gas kinematics, forming thin gaseous structures (e.g., H$α$ filaments), and generating internal waves in cluster cores. We find that well-developed eddies are formed in the wake of a buoyantly rising bubble, and it is these eddies, rather than the Darwin drift, that are responsible for most of the gas mass uplift. The eddies gradually elongate along the bubble's direction of motion due to the strong density stratification of the atmosphere and eventually detach from the bubble, quickly evolving into a high-speed jet-like stream propagating towards the cluster center. This picture naturally explains the presence of long straight and horseshoe-shaped H$α$ filaments in the Perseus cluster, inward and outward motions of the gas, and the X-ray-weighted gas velocity distributions near the northwestern bubble observed by Hitomi. Our model reproduces the observed H$α$ velocity structure function of filaments, providing a simple interpretation for its steep scaling and normalization: laminar gas flows and large eddies within filaments driven by the intact bubbles, rather than spatially homogeneous small-scale turbulence, are sufficient to produce a structure function consistent with observations.

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