The newly launched X-ray satellite, eRosita, has recently revealed two gigantic bubbles extending to ~80 degrees above and below the Galactic center. The morphology of these "eRosita bubbles" bears a remarkable resemblance to the Fermi bubbles previously discovered by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and its counterpart, the microwave haze. The physical origin of these striking structures has been intensely debated; however, because of their symmetry about the Galactic center, they likely originate from some energetic outbursts from the Galactic center in the past. Here we propose a theoretical model in which the eRosita bubbles, Fermi bubbles, and the microwave haze could be simultaneously explained by a single event of jet activity from the central supermassive black hole a few million years ago. Using numerical simulations, we show that this model could successfully reproduce the morphology and multi-wavelength spectra of the observed bubbles and haze, which allows us to derive critical constraints on the energetics and timescales of the outburst. This study serves as an important step forward in our understanding of the past Galactic center activity of our Milky Way Galaxy, and may bring valuable insights into the broader picture of supermassive black hole-galaxy co-evolution in the context of galaxy formation.
Asymmetric eROSITA bubbles as the evidence of a circumgalactic medium wind
通过同名仪器检测eROSITA气泡。北部的气泡显示出明显的不对称特征，包括向西的扭曲和东部边缘的增强，而南部的气泡则明显较暗。他们的起源有争议。在这里，我们进行了流体动力学模拟表明，不对称的eROSITA气泡有利于动态的，环星系介质风模型，但不利于其他机制，如非轴对称的晕气体或倾斜的核流出。在银河系坐标系中，从东偏北方向吹来的风以大约200 km s $^{-1}$的速度吹过北晕，并有一部分进入南晕。这创造了一个动态的晕圈介质，并重新分配密度和金属量。这自然解释了在形态和表面亮度两方面的不对称气泡。我们的研究结果表明，我们的银河系是吸积低丰度环星系介质从一侧，同时提供外流反馈。
The Double-Episode Jet Genesis of the eROSITA and Fermi Bubbles
Henan Normal University（河南师范大学）；Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center（天府宇宙线研究中心）；Guizhou University（贵州大学）；Handan University（邯郸学院）；Nanjing Normal University（南京师范大学）
Nested Fermi and eROSITA bubbles require very similar $\sim10^{56}$ erg collimated Galactic-center outbursts; their asymmetry indicates an eastern density gradient
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev（内盖夫本-古里安大学）；Indian Institute of Astrophysics（印度天体物理研究所）
Southern eROSITA bubble as a forward shock and the low-metallicity CGM. South-east side story
Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）；Space Research Institute (IKI)（空间研究所）；Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford（牛津大学物理系鲁道夫·派尔斯理论物理中心）；Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München（慕尼黑大学物理学院天文台）；Ioffe Institute（约费研究所）；Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院天文研究所）；NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’（库尔恰托夫国家研究中心）；Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院应用物理研究所）
Simulating the Formation of the Young "Fermi Bubbles" in the Circinus Galaxy
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center（天府宇宙线研究中心）；School of Physics, Henan Normal University（河南师范大学物理学院）；Center for Theoretical Physics, Henan Normal University（河南师范大学理论物理中心）；Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire（赫特福德大学天体物理研究中心）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）
Identification of a Large-Scale Diffuse Gamma-Ray Structure in the Southern Galactic Hemisphere
School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院）；Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室）
The Fermi Bubbles: Giant, Multi-Billion-Year-Old Reservoirs of Galactic Center Cosmic Rays
最近，费米-LAT仪器观测到的伽马射线天空中出现了巨大特征的证据：以银河系核心为中心的双边发射“气泡”，并在银河系平面上方和下方延伸到约10千秒差距。这些结构与WMAP数据中发现的非热微波“薄雾”和ROSAT探测到的X射线辐射的扩展区域相吻合。气泡的伽马射线辐射的特征是具有坚硬且相对均匀的光谱，相对均匀的强度，总光度约为4 x 10^37 erg/s，比它们的微波光度大约大一个数量级，而比它们的X射线光度小一个数量级以上。在这里，我们表明，气泡是自然的解释，由于人口的遗迹宇宙射线质子和较重的离子注入的过程与极长的时间尺度（>~8 Gyr）和高面密度的恒星形成在银河系中心。
Tracing the Energetic Outflows from Galactic Nuclei: Observational Evidence for a Large-Scale Bipolar Radio and X-ray-emitting Bubble-like Structure in M106
