发表机构
Universitat de València（瓦伦西亚大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过三维相对论性流体动力学模拟，发现FRI型低功率喷流在真实星系团环境中通过弱激波高效加热星系团内介质，约80%动能转化为内能，为解决冷却流问题提供了可行方案。
AI 中文摘要
背景：低功率的FRI型射电喷流在活动星系核（AGN）群体中占主导地位，然而其加热星系团内介质（ICM）的主要机制及其效率仍存在争议。目的：我们研究中等功率的FRI型相对论性喷流对真实星系团内介质内部区域的影响，重点关注弱激波在加热中的作用以及环境耦合对能量沉积的调节。方法：我们进行了六个三维相对论性流体动力学模拟，模拟了（1e44 - 1e45）erg/s的FRI型喷流在从宇宙学GADGET-3模拟中提取的真实星系团内介质中心区域的传播过程。每个模拟追踪了包含辐射冷却的连续喷流活动20 Myr。结果：尽管喷流具有中等功率和注入时的适度相对论速度，它们迅速减速至跨音速（平均马赫数约2.3），并产生主导能量传递的弱弓形激波。大约80%的注入动能功率被转化为周围星系团内介质的内能，而轫致辐射冷却在激波壳层膨胀时显著降低了其温度。结论：我们的结果表明，即使在FRI型源中弱激波的情况下，星系际介质和星系团内介质的加热也非常高效。这一发现表明，低功率喷流是长期存在的冷却流问题的可行解决方案，并可能在多样化的星系团环境中调节恒星形成。
英文摘要
Context. Low-power FRI-like radio jets dominate the AGN population, yet the main mechanism of heating the intracluster medium (ICM) and its efficiency remain a matter of debate. Aims. We investigate the impact of intermediate-power FRI-like relativistic jets on the inner region of realistic ICM, focusing on the role of weak shocks on heating and the environmental coupling in regulating energy deposition. Methods. We present six three-dimensional relativistic-hydrodynamic simulations of (1e44 - 1e45) erg/s FRI-like jets propagating through the central regions of realistic ICM environments extracted from cosmological GADGET-3 runs. Each simulation tracks 20 Myr of continuous jet activity with radiative cooling included. Results. Despite their intermediate power and mildly relativistic speed at injection, they decelerate rapidly to trans-sonic velocities (average Mach numbers ~ 2.3) and generate weak bow shocks that dominate the energy transfer. Approximately, 80% of the injected kinetic power is converted into internal energy of the ambient ICM, and bremsstrahlung cooling noticeably reduces the temperature of the shocked shells as they expand. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that heating of the intergalactic and intracluster medium is highly efficient even in the case of weak shocks in FRI-like sources. This finding suggests low-power jets are a viable solution to the long-standing cooling-flow problem and likely regulate star formation across diverse galaxy cluster environments.
CommentsAccepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/202659737
