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arXiv 2307.04795hep-thhep-lathep-ph
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扭曲环面 $\mathbb T^4$ 上 $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills 理论中的多重分数瞬子

Multi-fractional instantons in $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory on the twisted $\mathbb T^4$

Mohamed M. Anber, Erich Poppitz

AI总结:

本文在扭曲环面上构造了 $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills 理论的解析分数瞬子解,通过失谐参数生成非阿贝尔自对偶解,并揭示其模空间结构与费米子零模性质。

摘要:

我们在具有 't Hooft 扭曲边界条件的四维环面 $\mathbb{T}^4$ 上构造了解析的自对偶 Yang-Mills 分数瞬子解。这些瞬子具有拓扑荷 $Q=\frac{r}{N}$,其中 $1\leq r< N$。为了实现扭曲,我们采用 $SU(N)$ 转换函数,它们满足精确到中心元素的周期性条件,并被嵌入到 $SU(k)\times SU(\ell)\times U(1)\subset SU(N)$ 中,其中 $\ell+k=N$。自对偶性要求对 $\mathbb{T}^4$ 的周期长度施加条件 $k L_1L_2=r\ell L_3L_4$,并给出具有阿贝尔场强的解。然而,通过引入失谐参数 $Δ\equiv (r\ell L_3L_4-k L_1 L_2)/\sqrt{L_1 L_2L_3L_4}$,我们在一般 $\mathbb{T}^4$ 上以 $Δ$ 的幂级数展开生成自对偶非阿贝尔解。我们探索了与这些解相关的模空间,发现它们展现出复杂的结构。拓扑荷大于 $\frac{1}{N}$ 且 $k\neq r$ 的解具有非紧致模空间,沿着这些模空间,$O(Δ)$ 规范不变量密度表现出失控行为。另一方面,具有 $Q=\frac{r}{N}$ 和 $k=r$ 的解具有紧致模空间,其坐标对应于 $SU(r)$ 颜色空间中允许的和乐。这些解可以表示为以 $r$ 个不同和乐为中心的 $r$ 个团块之和,因此类似于瞬子液体。此外,我们证明每个团块支持 $2$ 个伴随费米子零模。

英文摘要:

We construct analytical self-dual Yang-Mills fractional instanton solutions on a four-torus $\mathbb{T}^4$ with 't Hooft twisted boundary conditions. These instantons possess topological charge $Q=\frac{r}{N}$, where $1\leq r< N$. To implement the twist, we employ $SU(N)$ transition functions that satisfy periodicity conditions up to center elements and are embedded into $SU(k)\times SU(\ell)\times U(1)\subset SU(N)$, where $\ell+k=N$. The self-duality requirement imposes a condition, $k L_1L_2=r\ell L_3L_4$, on the lengths of the periods of $\mathbb{T}^4$ and yields solutions with abelian field strengths. However, by introducing a detuning parameter $Δ\equiv (r\ell L_3L_4-k L_1 L_2)/\sqrt{L_1 L_2L_3L_4}$, we generate self-dual nonabelian solutions on a general $\mathbb{T}^4$ as an expansion in powers of $Δ$. We explore the moduli spaces associated with these solutions and find that they exhibit intricate structures. Solutions with topological charges greater than $\frac{1}{N}$ and $k\neq r $ possess non-compact moduli spaces, along which the $O(Δ)$ gauge-invariant densities exhibit runaway behavior. On the other hand, solutions with $Q=\frac{r}{N}$ and $k=r$ have compact moduli spaces, whose coordinates correspond to the allowed holonomies in the $SU(r)$ color space. These solutions can be represented as a sum over $r$ lumps centered around the $r$ distinct holonomies, thus resembling a liquid of instantons. In addition, we show that each lump supports $2$ adjoint fermion zero modes.

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