We study a random dynamical system such that one transformation is randomly selected from a family of transformations and then applied on each iteration. For such random dynamical systems, we consider estimates of absolutely continuous invariant measures. Since the random dynamical systems are made by complicated compositions of many deterministic maps and probability density functions, it is difficult to estimate the invariant measures. To get rid of this difficulty, we present fundamental comparison theorems which make easier the estimates of invariant measures of random maps. We also demonstrate how to apply the comparison theorems to random maps with indifferent fixed points and/or with unbounded derivatives.
Invariant foliations are geometric structures for describing and understanding the qualitative behaviors of nonlinear dynamical systems. For stochastic dynamical systems, however, these geometric structures themselves are complicated random sets. Thus it is desirable to have some techniques to approximate random invariant foliations. In this paper, invariant foliations are approximated for dynamical systems with small noisy perturbations, via asymptotic analysis. Namely, random invariant foliations are represented as a perturbation of the deterministic invariant foliations, with deviation erro…
We prove the existence of measurable invariant manifolds for small perturbations of linear Random Dynamical Systems evolving on a Banach space and admitting a general type of dichotomy, both for continuous and discrete time. Moreover, the asymptotic behavior in the invariant manifold is similar to the one of the linear Random Dynamical System.
We establish a dynamical version of Kuratowski-Mycielski Theorem on the existence of "large" invariant dependent sets. We apply this result to the study of invariant chaotic sets in topological dynamical systems, simplify many known results on this topic and also obtain some new results.
Invariant manifolds are important sets arising in the stability theory of dynamical systems. In this article, we take a brief review of invariant sets. We provide some results regarding the existence of invariant lines and parabolas in planar polynomial systems. We provide the conditions for the invariance of linear subspaces in fractional order systems. Further, we provide an important result showing the nonexistence of invariant manifolds (other than linear subspaces) in fractional order systems.
This work deals with the dynamics of a class of stochastic dynamical systems with a multiplicative non-Gaussian Levy noise. We first establish the existence of stable and unstable foliations for this system via the Lyapunov-Perron method. Then we examine the geometric structure of the invariant foliations, and their relation with invariant manifolds. Finally, we illustrate our results in an example.
Measure-theoretic and topological entropy are classical invariants in the theory of dynamical systems. There are several recently developed entropy type invariants for systems of sub-exponential growth: sequence entropy, slow entropy, Kakutani invariants, scaled entropy, entropy dimensions and entropy convergence rate. They measure the complexity of zero entropy systems by different approaches. These new invariants and corresponding new theories have many applications and interesting properties. This survey paper gives a comprehensive exposition of the slow entropy theory and also discusses so…
The modern qualitative theory of dynamical systems is thoroughly intertwined with the fairly young science of topology. Strange and even bizarre constructions of topology are found sooner or later in dynamics of discrete or continuous dynamical systems. In the present paper we show that the wild Fox-Artin arc naturally emerges in dynamics as an invariant manifold of a fixed point and as a heteroclinic intersection.
We discuss some of the issues that arise in attempts to classify automorphisms of compact abelian groups from a dynamical point of view. In the particular case of automorphisms of one-dimensional solenoids, a complete description is given and the problem of determining the range of certain invariants of topological conjugacy is discussed. Several new results and old and new open problems are described.
When is the Ellis semigroup a complete conjugacy invariant?
Université Lyon 1, EC Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, ICJ, UMR 5208（里昂第一大学、EC里昂、里昂国立应用科学学院、让·穆兰大学、法国国家科学研究中心、ICJ）；School of Mathematical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London（伦敦大学玛丽女王学院数学科学学院）
In this paper, some special Lorenz cones are constructed using Dikin ellipsoid and some hyperplane. We also study the structure of the constructed cones, especially the eigenvalues structure of the related matrix in the formula of elliposid. These novel Lorenz cones which locate in positive orthant by its construction are potential candidates to design invariant cone for a given dynamical system. It provides more flexibility for practitioner to choose more cones in the application for system stability analysis.
We consider a family of $(2,1)$-rational functions given on the set of $p$-adic field $Q_p$. Each such function has a unique fixed point. We study ergodicity properties of the dynamical systems generated by $(2,1)$-rational functions. For each such function we describe all possible invariant spheres. We characterize ergodicity of each $p$-adic dynamical system with respect to Haar measure reduced on each invariant sphere. In particular, we found an invariant spheres on which the dynamical system is ergodic and on all other invariant spheres the dynamical systems are not ergodic.
For a dynamical system we will construct various invariant sets starting from its conserved quantities. We will give conditions under which certain solutions of a nonlinear system are also solutions for a simpler dynamical system, for example when they are solutions for a linear dynamical system. We will apply these results to the example of Toda lattice.
Invariant foliations are complicated random sets useful for describing and understanding the qualitative behaviors of nonlinear dynamical systems. We will consider invariant foliations for stochastic partial differential equation with dynamical boundary condition.
We show how to use extended word series in the reduction of continuous and discrete dynamical systems to normal form and in the computation of formal invariants of motion in Hamiltonian systems. The manipulations required involve complex numbers rather than vector fields or diffeomorphisms. More precisely we construct a group G and a Lie algebra g in such a way that the elements of G and g are families of complex numbers; the operations to be performed involve the multiplication F in G and the bracket of g and result in universal coefficients that are then applied to write the normal form or t…
Embedding techniques allow the approximations of finite dimensional attractors and manifolds of infinite dimensional dynamical systems via subdivision and continuation methods. These approximations give a topological one-to-one image of the original set. In order to additionally reveal their geometry we use diffusion mapst o find intrinsic coordinates. We illustrate our results on the unstable manifold of the one-dimensional Kuramoto--Sivashinsky equation, as well as for the attractor of the Mackey-Glass delay differential equation.
For dynamical systems with the shadowing property, we provide a method of approximation of invariant measures by ergodic measures supported on odometers and their almost 1-1 extensions. For a topologically transitive system with the shadowing property, we show that ergodic measures supported on odometers are dense in the space of invariant measures, and then ergodic measures are generic in the space of invariant measures. We also show that for every $c\geq 0$ and $\varepsilon>0$ the collection of ergodic measures (supported on almost 1-1 extensions of odometers) with entropy between $c$ and $c…
We consider a dynamical system which has the hyperbolic structure along an attracting invariant manifold $M$. The problem is whether every motion starting in a neighborhood of $M$ possesses an asymptotic phase, i.e. eventually approaches a particular motion on $M$. Earlier, positive solutions to the problem were obtained under the condition that the decay rate of solutions toward the manifold exceeds the decay rate of the solutions within the manifold. We show that in our case the above condition is not necessary. To prove that a neighborhood of $M$ is filled with motions for each of which the…
Considering trajectory curves, integral of n-dimensional dynamical systems, within the framework of Differential Geometry as curves in Euclidean n-space, it will be established in this article that the curvature of the flow, i.e. the curvature of the trajectory curves of any n-dimensional dynamical system directly provides its slow manifold analytical equation the invariance of which will be then proved according to Darboux theory. Thus, it will be stated that the flow curvature method, which uses neither eigenvectors nor asymptotic expansions but only involves time derivatives of the velocity…
Let M be an analytic manifold modelled on an ultrametric Banach space over a complete ultrametric field. Let f be an analytic diffeomorphism from M onto itself and p be a fixed point of f. We discuss invariant manifolds around p, like stable manifolds, centre-stable manifolds and centre manifolds, with an emphasis on results specific to the case that M has finite dimension. The results have applications in the theory of Lie groups over totally disconnected local fields.
We prove that every face in the simplex of invariant measures on a zero-dimensional dynamical system with free action of an amenable group $G$ can be modeled as the entire simplex of invariant measures on some other zero-dimensional dynamical system with free action of $G$.
We present a series of statements about scaling entropy, a metric invariant of dynamical systems proposed by A. M. Vershik in the late 90's. We show that it is a metric invariant indeed and calculate it in several special cases.
A key feature of a general nonlinear partially hyperbolic dynamical system is the absence of differentiability of its invariant splitting. In this paper, we show that often partial derivatives of the splitting exist and the splitting depends smoothly on the dynamical system itself.
We study dynamical systems forced by a combination of random and deterministic noise and provide criteria, in terms of Lyapunov exponents, for the existence of random attractors with continuous structure in the fibres. For this purpose, we provide suitable random versions of the semiuniform ergodic theorem and also introduce and discuss some basic concepts of random topological dynamics.
This article establishes the foundation for a new theory of invariant/integral manifolds for non-autonomous dynamical systems. Current rigorous support for dimensional reduction modelling of slow-fast systems is limited by the rare events in stochastic systems that may cause escape, and limited in many applications by the unbounded nature of PDE operators. To circumvent such limitations, we initiate developing a backward theory of invariant/integral manifolds that complements extant forward theory. Here, for deterministic non-autonomous ODE systems, we construct a conjugacy with a normal form …
We focus on various dynamical invariants associated to toric correspondences, using algebraic geometry or arithmetic. We find a formula for the dynamical degrees, relate the exponential growth of the degree sequences with a strict log-concavity condition on the dynamical degrees and compute the asymptotic ratio of the growth of heights of points of such correspondences.
Invariant manifolds facilitate the understanding of nonlinear stochastic dynamics. When an invariant manifold is represented approximately by a graph for example, the whole stochastic dynamical system may be reduced or restricted to this manifold. This reduced system may provide valuable dynamical information for the original system. The authors have derived an invariant manifold reduction or restriction principle for systems of Stratonovich or Ito stochastic differential equations. Two concepts of invariance are considered for invariant manifolds. The first invariance concept is in the framew…
Invariant ergodic measures for generalized Boole type transformations are studied using an invariant quasi-measure generating function approach based on special solutions to the Frobenius--Perron operator. New two-dimensional Boole type transformations are introduced, and their invariant measures and ergodicity properties are analyzed.
In this paper, we construct a semigroup associated to an action of countable discrete group on a compact Hausdorff space, that can be regarded as a higher dimensional generalization of the type semigroup. Using this generalized type semigroup we obtain a new characterization of dynamical comparison. This answers a question of Kerr and Schafhauser. In addition, this paper suggests a definition of comparison for dynamical systems in which neither necessarily the acting group is amenable nor the action is minimal.
A novel algebraic method for finding invariant algebraic curves for a polynomial vector field in $\mathbb{C}^2$ is introduced. The structure of irreducible invariant algebraic curves for Liénard dynamical systems $x_t=y$, $y_t=-g(x)y-f(x)$ with $\text{deg} f=\text{deg} g+1$ is obtained. It is shown that there exist Liénard systems that possess more complicated invariant algebraic curves than it was supposed before. As an example, all irreducible invariant algebraic curves for the Liénard differential system with $\text{deg} f=3$, $\text{deg} g=2$ are obtained. All these results seem to be new.
We introduce the dynamic comparison property for minimal dynamical systems which has applications to the study of crossed product C*-algebras. We demonstrate that this property holds for a large class of systems which includes all examples where the underlying space is finite-dimensional, as well as for an explicit infinite-dimensional example, showing that the it is strictly weaker than finite-dimensionality in general.
Let f be a dominant meromorphic self-map on a projective manifold X which preserves a meromorphic fibration pi: X --> Y of X over a projective manifold Y. We establish formulas relating the dynamical degrees of f, the dynamical degrees of f relative to the fibration and the dynamical degrees of the self-map g on Y induced by f. Applications are given.
We discuss the dependence of set-valued dynamical systems on parameters. Under mild assumptions which are often satisfied for random dynamical systems with bounded noise and control systems, we establish the fact that topological bifurcations of minimal invariant sets are discontinuous with respect to the Hausdorff metric, taking the form of lower semi-continuous explosions and instantaneous appearances. We also characterise these transitions by properties of Morse-like decompositions.
We propose to compute approximations to general invariant sets in dynamical systems by minimizing the distance between an appropriately selected finite set of points and its image under the dynamics. We demonstrate, through computational experiments that this approach can successfully converge to approximations of (maximal) invariant sets of arbitrary topology, dimension and stability as, e.g., saddle type invariant sets with complicated dynamics. We further propose to extend this approach by adding a Lennard-Jones type potential term to the objective function which yields more evenly distribu…
Inspired by Le Calvez' theory of transverse foliations for dynamical systems of surfaces, we introduce a dynamical invariant, denoted by N, for Hamiltonians of any surface other than the sphere. When the surface is the plane or is closed and aspherical, we prove that on the set of autonomous Hamiltonians this invariant coincides with the spectral invariants constructed by Viterbo on the plane and Schwarz on closed and aspherical surfaces. Along the way, we obtain several results of independent interest: We show that a formal spectral invariant, satisfying a minimal set of axioms, must coincide…
Complex dynamical systems on the Riemann sphere do not possess ``invariant forms''. However there exist non-trivial examples of dynamical systems, defined over number fields, satisfying the property that their reduction modulo $\wp$ possesses ``invariant forms'' for all but finitely many places $\wp$. The paper completely characterizes those dynamical systems possessing the latter property.
Random invariant manifolds often provide geometric structures for understanding stochastic dynamics. In this paper, a dynamical approximation estimate is derived for a class of stochastic partial differential equations, by showing that the random invariant manifold is almost surely asymptotically complete. The asymptotic dynamical behavior is thus described by a stochastic ordinary differential system on the random invariant manifold, under suitable conditions. As an application, stationary states (invariant measures) is considered for one example of stochastic partial differential equations.
We consider the general model for dynamical systems defined on a simplicial complex. We describe the conjugacy classes of these systems and show how symmetries in a given simplicial complex manifest in the dynamics defined thereon, especially with regard to invariant subspaces in the dynamics.
Many real-analytic flows, e.g. in chemical kinetics, share a multiple time scale spectral structure. The trajectories of the corresponding dynamical systems are observed to bundle near so-called slow invariant manifolds (SIMs), which are usually addressed in a singular perturbation context. This work exploits the analytic structure of the involved vector fields and presents observations that connect one dimensional slow invariant manifolds to the imaginary-time spectral structure of Riemann surfaces in analytic continuations of dynamical systems to complex time.
Building on results obtained in [GVRS], we prove Local Stable and Unstable Manifold Theorems for nonlinear, singular stochastic delay differential equations. The main tools are rough paths theory and a semi-invertible Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem for cocycles acting on measurable fields of Banach spaces obtained in [GVR].
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Peking University（北京大学）
We study the approximation of functions which are invariant with respect to certain permutations of the input indices using flow maps of dynamical systems. Such invariant functions includes the much studied translation-invariant ones involving image tasks, but also encompasses many permutation-invariant functions that finds emerging applications in science and engineering. We prove sufficient conditions for universal approximation of these functions by a controlled equivariant dynamical system, which can be viewed as a general abstraction of deep residual networks with symmetry constraints. Th…
We construct the linear and quadratic polynomial dynamical invariants for the classical and quantum time-dependent harmonic oscillator driven by a time-dependent force. To obtain them, we use exclusively the associated equations of motion for the system. We also find an algebraic relationship between the linear and quadratic invariants at the classical and quantum level.
Let $f$ be a polynomial automorphism of ${\Bbb C}^k$ of degree $λ$, whose rational extension to ${\Bbb P}^k$ maps the hyperplane at infinity to a single point. Given any positive closed current $S$ on ${\Bbb P}^k$ of bidegree (1,1), we show that the sequence $λ^{-n}(f^n)^\star S$ converges in the sense of currents on ${\Bbb P}^k$ to a linear combination of the Green current $T_+$ of $f$ and the current of integration along the hyperplane at infinity. We give an interpretation of the coefficients in terms of generalized Lelong numbers with respect to an invariant dynamical current for $f^{-1}$.
This paper is a survey devoted to the study of probability and infinite ergodic invariant measures for aperiodic homeomorphisms of a Cantor set. We focus mostly on the cases when a homeomorphism has either a unique ergodic invariant measure or finitely many such measures (finitely ergodic homeomorphisms). Since every Cantor dynamical system $(X,T)$ can be realized as a Vershik map acting on the path space of a Bratteli diagram, we use combinatorial methods developed in symbolic dynamics and Bratteli diagrams during the last decade to study the simplex of invariant measures.
We consider a non-autonomous ordinary differential equation on a smooth manifold, with right-hand side that randomly switches between the elements of a finite family of smooth vector fields. For the resulting random dynamical system, we show that Hörmander type hypoellipticity conditions are sufficient for uniqueness and absolute continuity of an invariant measure.
Necessary conditions for existence of tensor invariants for general nonlinear dynamical systems
College of Mathematics, Jilin University（吉林大学数学学院）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changchun University of Science and Technology（长春理工大学数学与统计学院）；School of Mathematics, Sichuan University（四川大学数学学院）
In this paper, we study concentration phenomena of zero-noise limits of invariant measures for stochastic differential equations defined on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with locally Lipschitz continuous coefficients and more than one ergodic state. Under some dissipative conditions, by using Lyapunov-like functions and large deviations methods, we estimate the invariant measures in neighborhoods of stable sets, neighborhoods of unstable sets and their complement, respectively. Our result illustrates that invariant measures concentrate on the intersection of stable sets where a cost functional $W(K_i)$ is mi…
In this paper we study the behavior of the Ricci flow at infinity for the full flag manifold $SU(3)/T$ using techniques of the qualitative theory of differential equations, in special the Poincaré Compactification and Lyapunov exponents. We prove that there are four invariant lines for the Ricci flow equation, each one associated with a singularity corresponding to a Einstein metric. In such manifold, the bi-invariant normal metric is Einstein. Moreover, around each invariant line there is a cylinder of initial conditions such that the limit metric under the Ricci flow is the corresponding Ein…
In analysis and control of large-scale nonlinear dynamical systems, a distributed approach is often an attractive option due to its computational tractability and usually low communication requirements. Success of the distributed control design relies on the separability of the network into weakly interacting subsystems such that minimal information exchange between subsystems is sufficient to achieve satisfactory control performance. While distributed analysis and control design for dynamical network have been well studied, decomposition of nonlinear networks into weakly interacting subsystem…
An explicit expression for the cofactor related to an irreducible invariant algebraic curve of a polynomial dynamical system in the plane is derived. A sufficient condition for a polynomial dynamical system in the plane to have a finite number of irreducible invariant algebraic curves is obtained. All these results are applied to Liénard dynamical systems $x_t=y$, $y_t=-f(x)y-g(x)$ with $\text{deg}\, f<\text{deg}\,g<2\,\text{deg}\,f+1$. The general structure of their irreducible invariant algebraic curves and cofactors is found. It is shown that Liénard dynamical systems with $\text{deg}\, f<\…
Continuous linear dynamical systems are used extensively in mathematics, computer science, physics, and engineering to model the evolution of a system over time. A central technique for certifying safety properties of such systems is by synthesising inductive invariants. This is the task of finding a set of states that is closed under the dynamics of the system and is disjoint from a given set of error states. In this paper we study the problem of synthesising inductive invariants that are definable in o-minimal expansions of the ordered field of real numbers. In particular, assuming Schanuel'…
