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arXiv 2302.08103cond-mat.mes-hall
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WTe$_2$单层中从射频频段到红外区域的光生电流效应与二次谐波产生

Photogalvanic effect and second harmonic generation from radio to infrared region in WTe$_2$ monolayer

Yuan Liu, Zhen-Gang Zhu, Gang Su

AI总结:

本文利用量子动力学方法研究WTe$_2$单层从射频频段到红外区域的PGE和SHG对费米能级、频率及外电场的依赖,揭示不同频段响应特征,并证明考虑散射效应的量子动力学比半经典方法更准确。

摘要:

二阶非线性光学响应,包括光生电流效应(PGE)和二次谐波产生(SHG),是非线性光学中重要的物理现象。与线偏振光和圆偏振光相关的PGE(SHG)分别称为线性PGE和圆偏振PGE(LPGE和CPGE)[线性SHG和圆偏振SHG(LSHG和CSHG)]。本工作采用弛豫时间近似下的量子动力学方法,研究了WTe$_2$单层在不同面外电场下、从射频频段到红外区域二阶非线性光学响应对费米能级和频率的依赖关系。我们发现,Berry曲率偶极子机制在非线性霍尔效应中起主要作用的最大频率约为1 THz。在射频和微波区域,当费米能级等于对应于能隙打开点的能量时,非线性电导率出现两个大的峰值。在频率方面,在射频区域,LPGE和SHG电导率保持较大的常数,而CPGE电导率消失。在微波区域,LPGE和SHG随频率增加开始减小,而CPGE较大。在125-300 THz区域以及y方向上,圆偏振光下存在直流电流而不受二次谐波电流干扰,这可能有助于制造新型光电子器件。此外,我们说明在计算实际材料的非线性光学响应时,干净极限下的理论失效,必须使用考虑散射效应的理论。我们还指出,对于具有飞秒量级弛豫时间和复杂能带结构的材料,量子动力学方法比半经典Boltzmann方程方法更精确。此外,还提供了PGE和SHG的唯象表达式。

英文摘要:

Second-order nonlinear optical responses, including photogalvanic effect (PGE) and second harmonic generation (SHG), are important physical phenomena in nonlinear optics. The PGE (SHG) related to linearly and circularly polarized light are called the linear and circular PGE (LPGE and CPGE) [linear and circular SHG (LSHG and CSHG)], respectively. In this work, we use the quantum kinetics under relaxation time approximation to study the dependence of second-order nonlinear optical responses on Fermi level and frequency under different out-of-plane electric fields in WTe$_2$ monolayer from radio to infrared region. We find that the maximum frequency at which the Berry curvature dipole mechanism for the nonlinear Hall effect plays a major role is about 1 THz. In radio and microwave regions, two large peaks of nonlinear conductivities occur when the Fermi level is equal to the energy corresponding to gap-opening points. In terms of frequency, in radio region, LPGE and SHG conductivities maintain a large constant while the CPGE conductivity disappears. In microwave region, LPGE and SHG start to decrease with increasing frequency while the CPGE is large. In 125-300 THz region and in y direction, the presence of DC current without the disturbance of second harmonic current under circularly polarized light may be useful for fabricating new optoelectronic devices. Moreover, we illustrate that when calculating the nonlinear optical responses of practical materials, the theories in the clean limit fail and it is necessary to use a theory that considers scattering effects. We also point out that for materials with femtosecond-scale relaxation times and complex energy band structures, the quantum kinetics is more accurate than the semi-classical Boltzmann equation method. Besides, phenomenological expressions of PGE and SHG are provided.

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