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arXiv 2302.00181astro-ph.CO
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暗玻色子统一矮星系

Dwarf Galaxies United by Dark Bosons

Alvaro Pozo, Tom Broadhurst, George F. Smoot, Tzihong Chiueh, Hoang Nhan Luu, Mark Vogelsberger, Philip Mocz

备注：
45 pages, 36 figures
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AI总结：

本研究提出暗物质由两种玻色子构成，通过不确定性原理解释矮星系的双峰分布，并预测孤子核结构，为暗物质多样性提供轴子宇宙统一解释。

摘要：

本星系群中的低质量星系由暗物质主导，构成了研究充分的“矮球状星系”（dSph）类别，其典型质量为$10^{9-10}M_\odot$，以及最近发现的同样数量众多的“超微弱矮星系”（UFD），后者明显更小且更致密，质量仅为$10^{7-8}M_\odot$。低质量星系中的这种双峰分布与标准冷暗物质（CDM）模型中重粒子预期下引力形成的星系所应有的无尺度连续性形成对比。在每个矮星系类别中，我们发现核心半径$R_c$与速度弥散度$σ$成反比，这与标准预期完全相反，但表明暗物质处于玻色-爱因斯坦态，其中不确定性原理要求$R_c \times σ$由普朗克常数$h$固定。相应的玻色子质量$m_b=h/R_c σ$在UFD和dSph类别之间相差一个数量级，分别为$10^{-21.4}$eV和$10^{-20.3}$eV。两种玻色子物种的存在得到了UFD和dSph矮星系中心密度与半径之间平行关系的进一步支持，每种关系都符合基态孤子核的陡峭预测$ρ_c \propto R_c^{-4}$。此外，孤子核精确拟合了UFD和dSph矮星系的恒星轮廓，其中显著且致密的核心被低密度晕包围，正如我们的模拟所预测的那样。多种玻色子可能指向暗物质的弦论解释，其中离散的轴子质量谱通常被预测跨越多个数量级，为观测到的暗物质主导矮星系的“多样性”提供了统一的“轴子宇宙”解释。

英文摘要：

Low mass galaxies in the Local Group are dominated by dark matter and comprise the well studied ``dwarf Spheroidal" (dSph) class, with typical masses of $10^{9-10}M_\odot$ and also the equally numerous ``ultra faint dwarfs" (UFD), discovered recently, that are distinctly smaller and denser with masses of only $10^{7-8}M_\odot$. This bimodality amongst low mass galaxies contrasts with the scale free continuity expected for galaxies formed under gravity, as in the standard Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model for heavy particles. Within each dwarf class we find the core radius $R_c$ is inversely related to velocity dispersion $σ$, quite the opposite of standard expectations, but indicative of dark matter in a Bose-Einstein state, where the Uncertainty Principle requires $R_c \times σ$ is fixed by Planks constant, $h$. The corresponding boson mass, $m_b=h/R_c σ$, differs by one order of magnitude between the UDF and dSph classes, with $10^{-21.4}$eV and $10^{-20.3}$eV respectively. Two boson species is reinforced by parallel relations seen between the central density and radius of UDF and dSph dwarfs respectively, each matching the steep prediction, $ρ_c \propto R_c^{-4}$, for soliton cores in the ground state. Furthermore, soliton cores accurately fit the stellar profiles of UDF and dSph dwarfs where prominent, dense cores appear surrounded by low density halos, as predicted by our simulations. Multiple bosons may point to a String Theory interpretation for dark matter, where a discrete mass spectrum of axions is generically predicted to span many decades in mass, offering a unifying "Axiverse" interpretation for the observed "diversity" of dark matter dominated dwarf galaxies.

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