Gravothermal collapse and the diversity of galactic rotation curves
M. Grant Roberts, Manoj Kaplinghat, Mauro Valli, Hai-Bo Yu
备注:
23 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. This version adds a new section discussing the implications of our fits for the SIDM particle physics parameter space
旋涡星系的旋转曲线呈现出极大的多样性,这对我们理解星系形成以及暗物质的本质构成了挑战。此前的研究表明,在自相互作用暗物质(self-interacting dark matter,SIDM)模型中,当单位质量截面σ/m约为1 cm²/g量级时,预测的暗物质中心密度与星系中观测到的密度吻合良好。在本研究中,我们探究了矮星系晕中截面更大的参数区间,即σ/m约为20-40 cm²/g的情况。我们将证明,如此强的暗物质自相互作用能够进一步放大从其组装历史中继承而来的晕密度多样性。高浓度的暗物质晕可在100亿年(10 Gyr)内进入引力热坍缩阶段,从而形成高密度;而低浓度的暗物质晕则保持在膨胀阶段,密度较低。我们对14个具有代表性的低表面亮度星系的旋转曲线进行了拟合,证明观测到的大范围中心密度如何能在σ/m约为20-40 cm²/g的强SIDM区间内自然得到解释。在之前的研究中,因晕中心密度高而被视为异常值的星系,在此SIDM区间内不再是异常值,因为它们的晕会处于坍缩阶段。对于低密度星系,SIDM拟合结果对截面的变化具有稳健性。我们的研究结果为检验引力热坍缩(强暗物质自相互作用的独特特征)以及探索更广泛的SIDM模型空间开辟了新窗口。作为示例,我们说明了我们的拟合结果所支持的更大截面,结合星系团强引力透镜观测给出的上限,如何为玻恩区中耦合到轻规范玻色子的暗物质粒子筛选出更受青睐的SIDM模型空间。
英文摘要:
The rotation curves of spiral galaxies exhibit a great diversity that challenge our understanding of galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter. Previous studies showed that in self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models with a cross section per unit mass of $σ/m\approx{\cal O}(1)~{\rm cm^2/g}$, the predicted dark matter central densities are a good match to the observed densities in galaxies. In this work, we explore a regime with a larger cross section of $σ/m\approx20\text{-}40~{\rm cm^2/g}$ in dwarf galactic halos. We will show that such strong dark matter self-interactions can further amplify the diversity of halo densities inherited from their assembly history. High concentration halos can enter the gravothermal collapse phase within $10~{\rm Gyr}$, resulting in a high density, while low concentration ones remain in the expansion phase and have a low density. We fit the rotation curves of $14$ representative low surface brightness galaxies and demonstrate how the large range of observed central densities are naturally accommodated in the strong SIDM regime of $σ/m\approx20\text{-}40~{\rm cm^2/g}$. Galaxies that are outliers in the previous studies due to their high halo central densities, are no longer outliers in this SIDM regime as their halos would be in the collapse phase. For galaxies with a low density, the SIDM fits are robust to the variation of the cross section. Our findings open up a new window for testing gravothermal collapse, the unique signature of strong dark matter self-interactions, and exploring a broader SIDM model space. As an example, we illustrate how the larger cross sections favored by our fits, together with upper limits from strong lensing observations in clusters, pick out the preferred SIDM model space for a dark matter particle coupled to a light gauge boson in the Born regime.
The dark fate of ultra-faint dwarfs: Gravothermal collapse in action
Donostia International Physics Center(多诺斯蒂亚国际物理中心);Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(慕尼黑大学天文台物理学院);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside(加州大学河滨分校物理与天文学系)
Mergers Matter: Gravothermal Collapse in Dwarf Halos with Self-Interacting Dark Matter
University of California, Irvine(加州大学尔湾分校);DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所DARK);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);University of Washington(华盛顿大学);Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Northeastern University(东北大学)
Calibrating the SIDM Gravothermal Catastrophe with N-body Simulations
The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学);Carnegie Science, Observatories(卡内基科学观测站);Los Alamos National Laboratory(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室);Texas A&M University(得克萨斯农工大学);Institute for Advanced Study(高等研究院);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校)
Formation of the Little Red Dots from the Core-collapse of Self-interacting Dark Matter Halos
Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University(北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所);Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University(北京大学物理学院天文学系);Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院物理系);Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院科维理天体物理与空间研究研究所);Department of Physics, Tsinghua University(清华大学物理系)
Direct N-body simulations of rotating and extremely massive Population III star clusters
Astronomisches Rechen-Inst., Zentrum für Astronomie, Univ. of Heidelberg(海德堡大学天体物理计算研究所);Center for Information Science, Fukui Prefectural University(福井县立大学信息科学中心);Department of Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi(纽约大学阿布扎比分校物理系);Center for Astrophysics and Space Science (CASS), New York University Abu Dhabi(纽约大学阿布扎比分校天体物理学与空间科学中心);Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza, Universitá di Roma(罗马第一大学物理系);Inst. für Theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum für Astronomie, Univ. Heidelberg(海德堡大学天文学中心理论天体物理研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI)(格兰萨索理工学院);INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso(意大利国家核物理研究所格兰萨索国家实验室)
A Dark-matter Origin of Little Red Dots: Early Seeding and Super-Bondi Accretion
Peking University(北京大学);Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University(北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所);Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学);School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学物理学院);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院)
The diverse dark matter density at sub-kiloparsec scales in Milky Way satellites:implications for the nature of dark matter
银河系(MW)卫星居住在暗物质(DM)的subhalos与广泛的分布的圆形速度剖面。这种多样性随着超微弱卫星的加入而增强,这些卫星似乎具有非常高的DM密度,尽管具有很大的系统不确定性。我们认为,如果得到证实,这种大的MW卫星人口的多样性构成了一个严重的考验,DM性质的结构形成理论与可能的影响。对于冷暗物质模型,多样性可能是由MW盘和强超新星反馈引起的晕下潮汐破坏的综合效应的特征。对于功率谱中具有矮尺度截止的模型,多样性是矮尺度晕丰度较低的结果。这种多样性是最具挑战性的自相互作用暗物质(SIDM)模型的横截面$σ/m_χ\gtrsim1~$ cm $^2$ g $^{-1}$的subhalos有太低的密度来解释超微弱的星系。我们提出了一个新的解决方案来解释MW卫星的多样性的基础上重力热塌陷的SIDM晕。这种解决方案需要一个速度依赖的截面,预测双峰分布的尖形密集(崩溃)subhaloes符合超微弱的卫星,和核心的低密度subhaloes符合较亮的卫星。
Accurately simulating core-collapse self-interacting dark matter halos
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(慕尼黑大学);Excellence Cluster ORIGINS(ORIGINS卓越集群);University of California, Riverside(加州大学河滨分校);Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所)
MARVELously Dark: the density profile evolution of dwarf halos in velocity-dependent SIDM
George Mason University(乔治梅森大学);The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学);University of California, San Diego(加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校);Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey(新泽西州立罗格斯大学);Texas A&M University(德克萨斯农工大学);University of Washington(华盛顿大学)