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arXiv 2407.15005astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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引力热坍缩与星系旋转曲线的多样性

Gravothermal collapse and the diversity of galactic rotation curves

M. Grant Roberts, Manoj Kaplinghat, Mauro Valli, Hai-Bo Yu

AI总结:

本研究探究了σ/m约20-40 cm²/g的强自相互作用暗物质区间,发现其可通过引力热坍缩放大星系晕密度多样性,自然解释14个低表面亮度星系旋转曲线的观测差异,为检验强暗物质自相互作用开辟新途径。

摘要:

旋涡星系的旋转曲线呈现出极大的多样性,这对我们理解星系形成以及暗物质的本质构成了挑战。此前的研究表明,在自相互作用暗物质(self-interacting dark matter,SIDM)模型中,当单位质量截面σ/m约为1 cm²/g量级时,预测的暗物质中心密度与星系中观测到的密度吻合良好。在本研究中,我们探究了矮星系晕中截面更大的参数区间,即σ/m约为20-40 cm²/g的情况。我们将证明,如此强的暗物质自相互作用能够进一步放大从其组装历史中继承而来的晕密度多样性。高浓度的暗物质晕可在100亿年(10 Gyr)内进入引力热坍缩阶段,从而形成高密度;而低浓度的暗物质晕则保持在膨胀阶段,密度较低。我们对14个具有代表性的低表面亮度星系的旋转曲线进行了拟合,证明观测到的大范围中心密度如何能在σ/m约为20-40 cm²/g的强SIDM区间内自然得到解释。在之前的研究中,因晕中心密度高而被视为异常值的星系,在此SIDM区间内不再是异常值,因为它们的晕会处于坍缩阶段。对于低密度星系,SIDM拟合结果对截面的变化具有稳健性。我们的研究结果为检验引力热坍缩(强暗物质自相互作用的独特特征)以及探索更广泛的SIDM模型空间开辟了新窗口。作为示例,我们说明了我们的拟合结果所支持的更大截面,结合星系团强引力透镜观测给出的上限,如何为玻恩区中耦合到轻规范玻色子的暗物质粒子筛选出更受青睐的SIDM模型空间。

英文摘要:

The rotation curves of spiral galaxies exhibit a great diversity that challenge our understanding of galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter. Previous studies showed that in self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models with a cross section per unit mass of $σ/m\approx{\cal O}(1)~{\rm cm^2/g}$, the predicted dark matter central densities are a good match to the observed densities in galaxies. In this work, we explore a regime with a larger cross section of $σ/m\approx20\text{-}40~{\rm cm^2/g}$ in dwarf galactic halos. We will show that such strong dark matter self-interactions can further amplify the diversity of halo densities inherited from their assembly history. High concentration halos can enter the gravothermal collapse phase within $10~{\rm Gyr}$, resulting in a high density, while low concentration ones remain in the expansion phase and have a low density. We fit the rotation curves of $14$ representative low surface brightness galaxies and demonstrate how the large range of observed central densities are naturally accommodated in the strong SIDM regime of $σ/m\approx20\text{-}40~{\rm cm^2/g}$. Galaxies that are outliers in the previous studies due to their high halo central densities, are no longer outliers in this SIDM regime as their halos would be in the collapse phase. For galaxies with a low density, the SIDM fits are robust to the variation of the cross section. Our findings open up a new window for testing gravothermal collapse, the unique signature of strong dark matter self-interactions, and exploring a broader SIDM model space. As an example, we illustrate how the larger cross sections favored by our fits, together with upper limits from strong lensing observations in clusters, pick out the preferred SIDM model space for a dark matter particle coupled to a light gauge boson in the Born regime.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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