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arXiv 2209.01909astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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核心碎裂形成双星对原恒星多重性的贡献

The contribution of binary star formation via core-fragmentation on protostellar multiplicity

R. Kuruwita, T. Haugbølle

AI总结:

本研究通过模拟巨分子云中的恒星形成,发现核心碎裂和动力学捕获可有效产生20-100AU的低质量近距离双星,无需盘碎裂,并能复制英仙座观测到的双峰分布。

摘要:

对年轻多恒星系统的观测发现,伴星频率和间距呈双峰分布。这些峰的起源常被归因于通过核心碎裂和盘碎裂形成的双星。然而,理论和模拟表明,通过核心碎裂形成的年轻恒星系统会经历显著的轨道演化。我们研究了环境对多恒星系统形成和轨道演化的影响,以及核心碎裂如何促进近距离(20-100AU)双星的形成。我们使用巨分子云中恒星形成的多次模拟,并将其与英仙座恒星形成区的多重性统计进行比较。模拟使用自适应网格细化代码RAMSES运行,分辨率足以解析400AU以上的核心碎裂和低至16.6AU的动力学演化,但无法解析盘碎裂。对由此产生的恒星系统的演化进行了数百万年的跟踪。我们发现,在较低气体密度环境中恒星形成更呈聚集性;然而,尽管如此,通过动力学捕获和核心碎裂形成的系统比例大致一致,分别约为40%和60%。然后,我们将模拟与最接近英仙座恒星形成区的条件进行比较,以确定观测到的双峰分布是否可以被复制。我们发现它可以被复制,但它对模拟的演化状态很敏感。我们的结果表明,大量间距在20-100AU的低质量近距离双星可以通过核心碎裂或由于高效内旋导致的动力学捕获产生,而无需盘碎裂的进一步贡献。

英文摘要:

Observations of young multiple star systems find a bimodal distribution in companion frequency and separation. The origin of these peaks has often been attributed to binary formation via core and disc fragmentation. However, theory and simulations suggest that young stellar systems that form via core fragmentation undergo significant orbital evolution. We investigate the influence of the environment on the formation and orbital evolution of multiple star systems, and how core fragmentation contributes to the formation of close (20-100AU) binaries. We use multiple simulations of star formation in giant molecular clouds and compare them to the multiplicity statistics of the Perseus star-forming region. Simulations were run with the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES with sufficient resolution to resolve core fragmentation beyond 400AU and dynamical evolution down to 16.6AU, but without the possibility of resolving disc fragmentation. The evolution of the resulting stellar systems was followed over millions of years. We find that star formation in lower gas density environments is more clustered; however, despite this, the fractions of systems that form via dynamical capture and core fragmentation are broadly consistent at ~40\% and ~60\%, respectively. We then compared the simulation with the conditions most similar to the Perseus star-forming region to determine whether the observed bimodal distribution can be replicated. We find that it can be replicated, but it is sensitive to the evolutionary state of the simulation. Our results indicate that a significant number of low-mass close binaries with separations from 20-100AU can be produced via core fragmentation or dynamical capture due to efficient inspiral, without the need for a further contribution from disc fragmentation.

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