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arXiv 1109.0280astro-ph.GAastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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湍流扰动尺度对星前核碎裂和盘形成的影响

The influence of the turbulent perturbation scale on prestellar core fragmentation and disk formation

S. Walch, A. P. Whitworth, P. Girichidis

摘要:

星前弱湍流核的坍缩是恒星形成过程中的一个关键阶段。由于高度非线性和随机性,坍塌的结果只能通过进行大量的数值模拟从理论上进行探讨。标准做法是根据湍流能量(或某些等效物)的量和功率谱中的指数(n \equiv-d log Pk/d log k)来量化岩心中的初始湍流速度场。在本文中,我们数值研究了湍流速度场的细节对孤立的、弱湍流的、低质量星前核崩溃的影响。我们证明,只要n> 3(通常假设),比n更关键的参数是湍流速度场的最大波长λ_MAX。这是因为λ_MAX携带了大部分的湍流能量,从而影响了核中角动量的大小和空间相干性。我们表明,致密的细丝在崩溃过程中的形成严重依赖于λ_MAX,我们解释了这一发现使用力平衡分析。我们还表明,只有当λ_MAX> 0.5 R_CORE(其中R_CORE是核心半径)时,核心才有很高的碎裂概率;碎裂的主导模式涉及细丝的形成和破裂;尽管小的原恒星盘(半径R_DISK <= 20 AU)经常形成,但更扩展的盘是罕见的。在湍流,低质量的核心类型,我们在这里模拟,形成大的,破碎的原恒星盘被抑制在早期分裂的细丝。

英文摘要:

The collapse of weakly turbulent prestellar cores is a critical stage in the process of star formation. Being highly non-linear and stochastic, the outcome of collapse can only be explored theoretically by performing large ensembles of numerical simulations. Standard practice is to quantify the initial turbulent velocity field in a core in terms of the amount of turbulent energy (or some equivalent) and the exponent in the power spectrum (n \equiv -d log Pk /d log k). In this paper, we present a numerical study of the influence of the details of the turbulent velocity field on the collapse of an isolated, weakly turbulent, low-mass prestellar core. We show that, as long as n > 3 (as is usually assumed), a more critical parameter than n is the maximum wavelength in the turbulent velocity field, λ_MAX. This is because λ_MAX carries most of the turbulent energy, and thereby influences both the amount and the spatial coherence of the angular momentum in the core. We show that the formation of dense filaments during collapse depends critically on λ_MAX, and we explain this finding using a force balance analysis. We also show that the core only has a high probability of fragmenting if λ_MAX > 0.5 R_CORE (where R_CORE is the core radius); that the dominant mode of fragmentation involves the formation and break-up of filaments; and that, although small protostellar disks (with radius R_DISK <= 20 AU) form routinely, more extended disks are rare. In turbulent, low-mass cores of the type we simulate here, the formation of large, fragmenting protostellar disks is suppressed by early fragmentation in the filaments.

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