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arXiv 2008.06107astro-ph.GA
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低金属丰度气体云中原恒星系统的盘碎裂和寡头生长

Disc fragmentation and oligarchic growth of protostellar systems in low-metallicity gas clouds

Gen Chiaki, Naoki Yoshida

摘要:

我们研究低金属丰度恒星的形成与一套高分辨率的流体动力学模拟各种气体金属丰度在广泛的$0$ - $10^{-3} \ {\rm Z}_{\bigodot}$。我们的模拟遵循非平衡化学和辐射冷却,采用现实的元素丰度和尘埃尺寸分布。我们研究的条件崩溃的云(云碎片; CF)和吸积盘(光盘碎片; DF)的碎片。我们发现,CF被抑制,由于快速的气体加热伴随着分子氢的形成,即使与有效的尘埃冷却金属度$\gtrsim 10^{-5} \ {\rm Z}_{\bigodot}$。相反,DF发生在几乎所有的运行,无论金属丰度。我们还发现,在吸积盘中,原恒星系统的生长总体上是寡头的。初级原恒星通过气体的吸积而成长,次级原恒星通过螺旋臂的相互作用或快速旋转的原恒星的分裂而形成。尽管有强烈的分裂,但很大一部分次级原恒星通过合并或潮汐破坏事件而被摧毁。在第一个绝热核心形成后的几百年里,只有几颗原恒星存活在圆盘中,原恒星的总质量为$0.52$ -- $3.8 \ {\rm M}_{\bigodot}$。

英文摘要:

We study low-metallicity star formation with a set of high-resolution hydrodynamics simulations for various gas metallicities over a wide range $0$--$10^{-3} \ {\rm Z}_{\bigodot}$. Our simulations follow non-equilibrium chemistry and radiative cooling by adopting realistic elemental abundance and dust size distribution. We examine the condition for the fragmentation of collapsing clouds (cloud fragmentation; CF) and of accretion discs (disc fragmentation; DF). We find that CF is suppressed due to rapid gas heating accompanied with molecular hydrogen formation even with efficient dust cooling for metallicities $\gtrsim 10^{-5} \ {\rm Z}_{\bigodot}$. Instead, DF occurs in almost all runs regardless of metallicity. We also find that, in the accretion discs, the growth of the protostellar systems is overall oligarchic. The primary protostar grows through the accretion of gas, and secondary protostars form through the interaction of spiral arms or the break-up of a rapidly rotating protostar. Despite vigorous fragmentation, a large fraction of secondary protostars are destroyed through mergers or tidal disruption events. For a few hundred years after the first adiabatic core formation, only several protostars survive in the disc, and the total mass of protostars is $0.52$--$3.8 \ {\rm M}_{\bigodot}$.

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