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arXiv 2204.07396astro-ph.SR
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由Kanzelhöhe数据集确定的1964-2016年期间太阳差异旋转和活动的变化

Variation in solar differential rotation and activity in the period 1964-2016 determined by the Kanzelhöhe data set

I. Poljančić Beljan, R. Jurdana-Šepić, T. Jurkić, R. Brajša, I. Skokić, D. Sudar, D. Ruždjak, D. Hržina, W. Pötzi, A. Hanslmeier, A. M. Veronig

摘要:

我们通过追踪Kanzelhöhe太阳和环境研究天文台(KSO; 1964-2008,太阳周期(SC)20-23)和KSO白光图像(2009-2016,SC 24)的太阳黑子图中的太阳黑子群,确定了差异旋转(DR)参数$A$和$B$(对应于赤道旋转速度和太阳DR的梯度)。我们使用不同的统计方法和途径来分析周期相关的变化,太阳周期相位相关的变化和长期的变化的DR。$A$和$B$显示出统计上显着的周期变化。$A$的变化与太阳活动周期相的关系与以前报道的理论和实验结果一致(太阳活动极小期的$A$较高,活动极大期的$A$较低),而$B$的变化与理论预测不同,因为我们观察到更多的$B$负值,即活动极大期的DR更明显.本文对$A$长期变化的主要结果是探测到活动翻转(20世纪70年代)和赤道旋转速度翻转(20世纪90年代初)之间的相移。在这段时间内,$A$和活性均显示长期下降趋势,表明它们之间存在相关性。因此,理论模型在现代Gleissberg极大值之后发生的相移时间段内失败,而在此后的时间段内(20世纪90年代之后),理论和实验结果是一致的。$B$的长期变化通常产生$B$与活性的线性关系,因为在我们分析的整个时间段(1964-2016)内观察到$B$升高,在此期间活性降低。我们研究了太阳DR和活动的变化的基础上,53年的KSO数据的第一次。我们的结果与日冕观测的太阳活动周位相的相关结果吻合得很好。

英文摘要:

We determined the differential rotation (DR) parameters $A$ and $B$ (corresponding to the equatorial rotation velocity and the gradient of the solar DR) by tracing sunspot groups in sunspot drawings of the Kanzelhöhe Observatory for Solar and Environmental Research (KSO; 1964-2008, for solar cycles (SC) 20-23) and KSO white-light images (2009-2016, for SC 24). We used different statistical methods and approaches to analyse cycle related variations, solar cycle phase-related variations and long-term variations of the DR. $A$ and $B$ show statistically significant periodic variability. The changes in $A$ related to solar cycle phase are in accordance with previously reported theoretical and experimental results (higher $A$ during solar minimum, lower $A$ during the maximum of activity), while changes in $B$ differ from the theoretical predictions as we observe more negative values of $B$, that is, a more pronounced DR during activity maximum. The main result of this paper for the long-term variations in $A$ is the detection of a phase shift between the activity flip (in the 1970s) and the equatorial rotation velocity flip (in the early 1990s). During this time period both $A$ and activity show a secular decreasing trend, indicating their correlation. Therefore, the theoretical model fails in the phase-shift time period that occurs after the modern Gleissberg maximum, while in the time period thereafter (after the 1990s), theoretical and experimental results are consistent. The long-term variations in $B$ in general yield an anticorrelation of $B$ and activity, as a rise of $B$ is observed during the entire time period (1964-2016) we analysed, during which activity decreased. We study for the first time the variation in solar DR and activity based on 53 years of KSO data. Our results agree well with the results related to the solar cycle phase from corona observations.

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