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arXiv 0907.3417astro-ph.SR
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目前缺乏太阳活动只是表面现象吗?

Is the current lack of solar activity only skin deep?

A. -M. Broomhall, W. J. Chaplin, Y. Elsworth, S. T. Fletcher, R. New

摘要:

太阳是一颗变星,其磁场活动和总辐照度在大约11年的时间尺度上变化。目前的最低活动量因其不同寻常的持续时间和深度而引起了相当大的兴趣。这就提出了一个问题:在磁活动最终起源的地表之下可能发生了什么?通过观测和分析太阳的自然地震振荡模式(p模式)的频率,可以将表面活动与太阳内部的条件联系起来。这些地震频率响应活动的变化,是太阳内部条件的探测器。伯明翰太阳振荡网络(BiSON)在过去三个太阳活动周期中测量了p模式频率,因此在探索当前不寻常和延长的太阳极小期方面处于独特的地位。我们表明,BiSON数据揭示了显着的变化的p-模式的频率在当前的最小值。这与表面活动观测结果形成鲜明对比,后者显示同一时期变化不大。最小值的水平是显着更深的p-模式的频率比在表面观察。我们观察到一个准两年期的信号在p模式的频率,这是以前没有观察到在中,低活动水平。频率行为和表面活动测量的明显差异表明,与活动有关的过程发生在太阳内部,尚未到达表面,在那里它们可能会被衰减。

英文摘要:

The Sun is a variable star whose magnetic activity and total irradiance vary on a timescale of approximately 11 years. The current activity minimum has attracted considerable interest because of its unusual duration and depth. This raises the question: what might be happening beneath the surface where the magnetic activity ultimately originates? The surface activity can be linked to the conditions in the solar interior by the observation and analysis of the frequencies of the Sun's natural seismic modes of oscillation - the p modes. These seismic frequencies respond to changes in activity and are probes of conditions within the Sun. The Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON) has made measurements of p-mode frequencies over the last three solar activity cycles, and so is in a unique position to explore the current unusual and extended solar minimum. We show that the BiSON data reveal significant variations of the p-mode frequencies during the current minimum. This is in marked contrast to the surface activity observations, which show little variation over the same period. The level of the minimum is significantly deeper in the p-mode frequencies than in the surface observations. We observe a quasi-biennial signal in the p-mode frequencies, which has not previously been observed at mid- and low-activity levels. The stark differences in the behavior of the frequencies and the surface activity measures point to activity-related processes occurring in the solar interior, which are yet to reach the surface, where they may be attenuated.

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