Northcott numbers for the weighted Weil heights

On the Northcott property and local degrees

We construct infinite Galois extensions $K$ of $\mathbb{Q}$ that satisfy the Northcott property on elements of small height, and where this property can be deduced solely from the splitting behavior of prime numbers in $K$. We also give examples of Galois extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ which have finite local degree at all prime numbers and do not satisfy the Northcott property.

On the properties of Northcott and Narkiewicz for elliptic curves

In this paper, for an elliptic curve $E$ defined over the algebraic numbers and for any subfield $F$ of algebraic numbers, we say that $E$ has the Northcott property over $F$ if there are at most finitely many $F$-rational points on $E$ of uniformly bounded height, and we say that $E$ has the property (P) over $F$ if for any infinite subset $S$ of $F$-rational points on $E$, $f(S) = S$ for an $F$-endomorphism $f$ of $E$ implies that $f$ is an automorphism. We establish some criteria for both properties and provide typical examples. We also show that the Northcott property implies the property …

高合成环元素的高度下界

Height lower bounds for elements of highly composite rings

本文针对$\text{Q}^{(d)}$的整数环合成环元素的高度下界展开研究，证明$\text{Q}^{(3)}$对应的合成环具有Northcott性质，并引入子域大小概念，给出相关子域的大小与Northcott性质的结果。

几何动力系统的Northcott性质与Bogomolov性质

The Geometric Dynamical Northcott and Bogomolov Properties

本研究在特征零函数域上建立极化自同态的动力Northcott性质，关联复动力系统稳定性，推广已有一维与高维结果，还提出几何Bogomolov猜想的动力版本。

The Weil height in terms of an auxiliary polynomial

Recent theorems of Dubickas and Mossinghoff use auxiliary polynomials to give lower bounds on the Weil height of an algebraic number $α$ under certain assumptions on $α$. We prove a theorem which introduces an auxiliary polynomial for giving lower bounds on the height of any algebraic number. Our theorem contains, as corollaries, a slight generalization of the above results as well as some new lower bounds in other special cases.

Weighted greatest common divisors and weighted heights

We introduce the weighted greatest common divisor of a tuple of integers and explore some of it basic properties. Furthermore, for a set of heights $\mathfrak w=(q_0, \ldots , q_n)$, we use the concept of the weighted greatest common divisor to define a height $\mathfrak{h} (\mathfrak p)$ on weighted projective spaces $\mathbb{WP}_{\mathfrak w}^n (k)$. We prove some of the basic properties of this weighted height, including an analogue of the Northcott's theorem for heights on projective spaces.

A Banach space determined by the Weil height

The absolute logarithmic Weil height is well defined on the group of units of the algebraic closure of the rational numbers, modulo roots of unity, and induces a metric topology on this group. We show that the completion of this metric space is a Banach space over the field of real numbers. We further show that this Banach space is isometrically isomorphic to a co-dimension one subspace of L1 of a certain totally disconnected, locally compact space, equipped with a certain measure satisfying an invariance property with respect to the absolute Galois group.

Integral points of fixed degree and bounded height

By Northcott's Theorem there are only finitely many algebraic points in affine $n$-space of fixed degree over a given number field and of height at most $X$. For large $X$ the asymptotics of these cardinalities have been investigated by Schanuel, Schmidt, Gao, Masser and Vaaler, and the author. In this paper we study the case where the coordinates of the points are restricted to algebraic integers, and we derive the analogues of Schanuel's, Schmidt's, Gao's and the author's results.

面积韦尔高度

Areal Weil Heights

本文引入了面积韦尔高度，将其推广到阿德里克设定，并证明了类似克罗内克定理的定理，同时探讨了其等分布性质及应用示例。

Multiplicative approximation by the Weil height

Let $K/\mathbb{Q}$ be an algebraic extension of fields, and let $α\not= 0$ be contained in an algebraic closure of $K$. If $α$ can be approximated by roots of numbers in $K^{\times}$ with respect to the Weil height, we prove that some nonzero integer power of $α$ must belong to $K^{\times}$. More generally, let $K_1, K_2, \dots , K_N$, be algebraic extensions of $\mathb{Q}$ such that each pair of extensions includes one which is a (possibly infinite) Galois extension of a common subfield. If $α\not= 0$ can be approximated by a product of roots of numbers from each $K_n$ with respect to the Wei…

Variation of the canonical height for polynomials in several variables

Let K be a number field, X/K a curve, and f/X a family of endomorphisms of projective N-space. It follows from a result of Call and Silverman that the canonical height associated to the family f, evaluated along a section, differs from a Weil height on the base by little-o of a Weil height. In the case where f is a family with an invariant hyperplane, whose restriction to this invariant hyperplane is isotrivial, we improve this by showing that the canonical height along a section differs from a Weil height on the base by a bounded amount.

通过 Mordell-Weil 格对称性获得的有效高度界

Effective height bounds via Mordell Weil lattice symmetries

本文利用 Jacobian 的 Mordell-Weil 格自同构与平均谱隙准则，建立数域上亏格至少二曲线有理点 Neron-Tate 高度的显式可计算上界，并给出秩 2 的 Bravais 格检验及算例。

Heights, ranks and regulators of abelian varieties

We lower bound the Faltings height of an abelian variety over a number field by the sum of its injectivity diameter and the norm of its bad reduction primes. It leads to an unconditional bound on the rank of Mordell-Weil groups. Assuming the height conjecture of Lang and Silverman, we then obtain a Northcott property for the regulator on the set of simple abelian varieties defined over a fixed number field, of fixed dimension $g$, bounded rank and with dense rational points over a number field. We remove the simplicity assumption in the principally polarized case by giving a refined version of…

具有很少小点的域

Fields with few small points

本文证明 Northcott 数充分大的代数扩张上，射影簇中次数有界且定义于该域的循环有限，并给出 Abel 簇、射影空间自映射及 CM 点应用。

Heights and regulators of number fields and elliptic curves

We compare general inequalities between invariants of number fields and invariants of abelian varieties over number fields. On the number field side, we remark that there is only a finite number of non-CM number fields with bounded regulator. On the abelian side, assuming the height conjecture of Lang and Silverman, we obtain a Northcott property for the regulator on the set of abelian varieties with dense rational points over a number field. This amounts to say that the arithmetic of CM fields is similar, with respect to the invariants considered here, to the arithmetic of abelian varieties o…

Estimating heights using auxiliary functions

Several recent papers construct auxiliary polynomials to bound the Weil height of certain classes of algebraic numbers from below. Following these techniques, the author gave a general method for introducing auxiliary polynomials to problems involving the Weil height. The height appears as a solution to a certain extremal problem involving polynomials. We further generalize the above techniques to acquire both the projective height and the height on subspaces in the same way. We further obtain lower bounds on the heights of points on some subvarieties of $\mathbb P^{N-1}(\overline{\mathbb Q})$…

Rational points of bounded height and the Weil restriction

Given an extension of number fields $E \subset F$ and a projective variety $X$ over $F$, we compare the problem of counting the number of rational points of bounded height on $X$ with that of its Weil restriction over $E$. In particular, we consider the compatibility with respect to the Weil restriction of conjectural asymptotic formulae due to Manin and others. Using our methods we prove several new cases of these conjectures. We also construct new counterexamples over every number field.

阿基米德算术西格尔-韦尔公式：关于 Shimura 曲线上的一般权重特异除子的平均公式

Archimedean arithmetic Siegel--Weil formula for general weights over Shimura curves

本文基于阿基米德算术理论，研究Shimura曲线上的特异除子权重问题，通过Whittaker函数的导数推导出平均公式，揭示了特殊除子与算术高度配对的关系。

Counting algebraic integers of fixed degree and bounded height

Let $k$ be a number field. For $\mathcal{H}\rightarrow \infty$, we give an asymptotic formula for the number of algebraic integers of absolute Weil height bounded by $\mathcal{H}$ and fixed degree over $k$.

Croissance asymptotique de nombres de Weil appartenant à un corps de nombres fixé

We prove an asymptotic formula as $x\to +\infty$ for the number of algebraic integers $α$ belonging to a fixed CM number field and satisfying $α\overlineα\leq x$. This problem is related to the height zeta function $Z_h(X^K,s)$ associated to the anticanonical class of a certain toric variety $X^K$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ and we show that $Z_h(X^K,s)$ has a meromorphic continuation to the half-plane $\{\Re(s)>\frac{1}{2}\}$ where it is holomorphic except at $s=1$. Along the way we obtain a new proof of Manin's conjecture on the asymptotic growth of points on $X^K(\mathbb{Q})$ of bounded height.

加权射影簇上的局部与全局高度

Local and Global Heights on Weighted Projective Varieties

本文通过Cartier与Weil除子将加权高度推广至加权簇，证明线丛存在局部有界加权$M$-度量，并定义局部与全局高度，展示其基本性质。

On the heights of totally p-adic numbers

Bombieri and Zannier established lower and upper bounds for the limit infimum of the Weil height in fields of totally p-adic numbers and generalizations thereof. In this paper, we use potential theoretic techniques to generalize the upper bounds from their paper and, under the assumption of integrality, to improve slightly upon their bounds.

Canonical height functions on the affine plane associated with polynomial automorphisms

Let $f: \mathbb{A}^2 \to \mathbb{A}^2$ be a polynomial automorphism of dynamical degree $δ\geq 2$ over a number field $K$. (This is equivalent to say that $f$ is a polynomial automorphism that is not triangularizable.) Then we construct canonical height functions defined on $\mathbb{A}^2(\bar{K})$ associated with $f$. These functions satisfy the Northcott finiteness property, and an $\bar{K}$-valued point on $\mathbb{A}^2(\bar{K})$ is $f$-periodic if and only if its height is zero. As an application of canonical height functions, we give an estimate on the number of points with bounded height …

Archimedean local height differences on elliptic curves

To compute generators for the Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve over a number field, one needs to bound the difference between the naive and the canonical height from above. We give an elementary and fast method to compute an upper bound for the local contribution to this difference at an archimedean place, which sometimes gives better results than previous algorithms.

On the height of solutions to norm form equations

Let $k$ be a number field. We consider norm form equations associated to a full $O_k$-module contained in a finite extension field $l$. It is known that the set of solutions is naturally a union of disjoint equivalence classes of solutions. We prove that each nonempty equivalence class of solutions contains a representative with Weil height bounded by an expression that depends on parameters defining the norm form equation.

曲线的动机Weil高度机器

A motivic Weil height machine for curves

本文提出了一种针对曲线的动机Weil高度机器，用于研究双曲曲线的有理点集与动机增广集的关系，并证明了特定曲线的动机增广的有限性结果。

Variation of the canonical height in a family of rational maps

Let $d\ge 2$ be an integer, let $c(t)$ be any rational map, and let $f_t(z) := (z^d+t)/z$ be a family of rational maps indexed by t. For each algebraic number $t$, we let $h_{f_t}(c(t))$ be the canonical height of $c(t)$ with respect to the rational map $f_t$. We prove that the map $H(t):=h_{f_t}(c(t))$ (as $t$ varies among the algebraic numbers) is a Weil height.

On totally real numbers and equidistribution

C.J. Smyth and later Flammang studied the spectrum of the Weil height in the field of all totally real numbers, establishing both lower and upper bounds for the limit infimum of the height of all totally real integers and determining isolated values of the height. We remove the hypothesis that we consider only integers and establish an lower bound on the limit infimum of the height for all totally real numbers. Our proof relies on a quantitative equidistribution theorem for numbers of small height.

Upper bounds on the heights of polynomials and rational fractions from their values

Let $F$ be a univariate polynomial or rational fraction of degree $d$ defined over a number field. We give bounds from above on the absolute logarithmic Weil height of $F$ in terms of the heights of its values at small integers: we review well-known bounds obtained from interpolation algorithms given values at $d+1$ (resp. $2d+1$) points, and obtain tighter results when considering a larger number of evaluation points.

Mordell-Weil lattices and toric decompositions of plane curves

We extend results of Cogolludo-Agustin and Libgober relating the Alexander polynomial of a plane curve $C$ with the Mordell--Weil rank of certain isotrivial families of jacobians over $\mathbf{P}^2$ of discriminant $C$. In the second part we introduce a height pairing on the $(2,3,6)$ quasi-toric decompositions of a plane curve. We use this pairing and the results in the first part of the paper to construct a pair of degree 12 curves with 30 cusps and Alexander polynomial $t^2-t+1$, but with distinct height pairing. We use the height pairing to show that these curves from a Zariski pair.

Congruences for critical values of higher derivatives of twisted Hasse-Weil L-functions, III

Let $A$ be an abelian variety defined over a number field $k$, let $p$ be an odd prime number and let $F/k$ be a cyclic extension of $p$-power degree. Under not-too-stringent hypotheses we give an interpretation of the $p$-component of the relevant case of the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture in terms of integral congruence relations involving the evaluation on appropriate points of $A$ of the ${\rm Gal}(F/k)$-valued height pairing of Mazur and Tate. We then discuss the numerical computation of this pairing, and in particular obtain the first numerical verifications of this conjecture in…

Lower bounds on the projective heights of algebraic points

If $α_1,\ldots,α_r$ are algebraic numbers such that $$N=\sum_{i=1}^rα_i \ne \sum_{i=1}^rα_i^{-1}$$ for some integer $N$, then a theorem of Beukers and Zagier gives the best possible lower bound on $$\sum_{i=1}^r\log h(α_i)$$ where $h$ denotes the Weil Height. We will extend this result to allow $N$ to be any totally real algebraic number. Our generalization includes a consequence of a theorem of Schinzel which bounds the height of a totally real algebraic integer.

Green forms and the arithmetic Siegel-Weil formula

We construct natural Green forms for special cycles in orthogonal and unitary Shimura varieties, in all codimensions, and, for compact Shimura varieties of type O(p,2) and U(p,1), we show that the resulting local archimedean height pairings are related to special values of derivatives of Siegel Eisentein series. A conjecture put forward by Kudla relates these derivatives to arithmetic intersections of special cycles, and our results settle the part of his conjecture involving local archimedean heights.

数域中的高度与态射

Heights and morphisms in number fields

本文针对数域上射影空间之间的非常值态射，给出了满足高度条件的有理点计数公式，并由此导出关于韦伊高度和 Call-Silverman 典范高度的计数函数结果。

D-finiteness, rationality, and height II: lower bounds over a set of positive density

We consider D-finite power series $f(z)=\sum a_n z^n$ with coefficients in a number field $K$. We show that there is a dichotomy governing the behaviour of $h(a_n)$ as a function of $n$, where $h$ is the absolute logarithmic Weil height. As an immediate consequence of our results, we have that either $f(z)$ is rational or $h(a_n)>[K:\mathbb{Q}]^{-1}\cdot \log(n)+O(1)$ for $n$ in a set of positive upper density and this is best possible when $K=\mathbb{Q}$.

Quadratic Chabauty: p-adic height pairings and integral points on hyperelliptic curves

We give a formula for the component at p of the p-adic height pairing of a divisor of degree 0 on a hyperelliptic curve. We use this to give a Chabauty-like method for finding p-adic approximations to p-integral points on such curves when the Mordell-Weil rank of the Jacobian equals the genus. In this case we get an explicit bound for the number of such p-integral points, and we are able to use the method in explicit computation. An important aspect of the method is that it only requires a basis of the Mordell-Weil group tensored with the rationals.

Galois数域中的小高度正规基

Normal bases of small height in Galois number fields

本文研究Galois数域中的正规基问题，证明了存在具有有界Weil高度的正规基，并在d为素数时给出了更优的界。

Schanuel's theorem for heights defined via extension fields

Let $k$ be a number field, let $θ$ be a nonzero algebraic number, and let $H(\cdot)$ be the Weil height on the algebraic numbers. In response to a question by T. Loher and D. W. Masser, we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of $α\in k$ with $H(αθ)\leq X$. We also prove an asymptotic counting result for a new class of height functions defined via extension fields of $k$. This provides a conceptual framework for Loher and Masser's problem and generalizations thereof. Moreover, we analyze the leading constant in our asymptotic formula for Loher and Masser's problem. In particular, we prov…

Small points and free abelian groups

Let $F$ be an algebraic extension of the rational numbers and $E$ an elliptic curve defined over some number field contained in $F$. The absolute logarithmic Weil height, respectively the Néron-Tate height, induces a norm on $F^*$ modulo torsion, respectively on $E(F)$ modulo torsion. The groups $F^*$ and $E(F)$ are free abelian modulo torsion if the height function does not attain arbitrarily small positive values. In this paper we prove the failure of the converse to this statement by explicitly constructing counterexamples.

代数数高度的下界与 Dedekind zeta 函数的低位零点

Lower bound on height of algebraic numbers and low lying zeros of the Dedekind zeta-function

本文借助 Dedekind zeta 函数低位零点建立代数整数 Weil 高度下界，并在 GRH 条件下证明特定无限非 Galois 扩张中的 Lehmer 猜想。

Heights on Groups and Small Multiplicative Dependencies

We generalize the absolute logarithmic Weil height from elements of the multiplicative group of algebraic numbers modulo torsion, to finitely generated subgoups. The height of a finitely generated subgroup is shown to equal the volume of a certain naturally occurring, convex, symmetric subset of Euclidean space. This connection leads to a bound on the norm of integer vectors that give multiplicative dependencies among finite sets of algebraic numbers.

Variation of Canonical Height for Fatou points on $\mathbb{P}^1$

Let $f: \mathbb{P}^1\to \mathbb{P}^1$ be a map of degree $>1$ defined over a function field $k = K(X)$, where $K$ is a number field and $X$ is a projective curve over $K$. For each point $a \in \mathbb{P}^1(k)$ satisfying a dynamical stability condition, we prove that the Call-Silverman canonical height for specialization $f_t$ at point $a_t$, for $t \in X(\bar{\mathbb{Q}})$ outside a finite set, induces a Weil height on the curve $X$; i.e., we prove the existence of a $\mathbb{Q}$-divisor $D = D_{f,a}$ on $X$ so that the function $t\mapsto \hat{h}_{f_t}(a_t) - h_D(t)$ is bounded on $X(\bar{\m…

On the frequency of height values

We count algebraic numbers of fixed degree $d$ and fixed (absolute multiplicative Weil) height $\mathcal{H}$ with precisely $k$ conjugates that lie inside the open unit disk. We also count the number of values up to $\mathcal{H}$ that the height assumes on algebraic numbers of degree $d$ with precisely $k$ conjugates that lie inside the open unit disk. For both counts, we do not obtain an asymptotic, but only a rough order of growth, which arises from an asymptotic for the logarithm of the counting function; for the first count, even this rough order of growth exists only if $k \in \{0,d\}$ or…

Equidistribution and the heights of totally real and totally p-adic numbers

C.J. Smyth was among the first to study the spectrum of the Weil height in the field of all totally real numbers, establishing both lower and upper bounds for the limit infimum of the height of all totally real integers and determining isolated values of the height. Later, Bombieri and Zannier established similar results for totally p-adic numbers and, inspired by work of Ullmo and Zhang, termed this the Bogomolov property. In this paper, we use results on equidistribution of points of low height to generalize both Bogomolov-type results to a wide variety of heights arising in arithmetic dynam…

Mordell-Weil lattices in characteristic 2, III: A Mordell-Weil lattice of rank 128

In the first paper of this series, we constructed a family of lattices in dimensions 2^{n+1} for positive integers n, and proved that the associated lattice packings of spheres equal or exceed the previous records for several values of n. In this paper we analyze the case n=6, which is now the first case where the resulting lattice MW128 yields a previously unknown lattice of record density. We prove that the elliptic curve used to construct this lattice has trivial Tate-Shafarevich group, and exhibit on that curve a rational point whose canonical height attains our lower bound on the minimal …

The numerical equivalence relation for height functions and ampleness and nefness criteria for divisors

In this paper, we study properties of Weil height functions associated with numerically trivial divisors. It helps us to define the fractional limit of $h_E$ with respect to $h_D$ on $U$, with $D$ ample: \[ \Flim_D(E,U) := \liminf_{\substack{P \in U h_D(P) \rightarrow \infty}}\dfrac{h_E(P)}{h_D(P)}. \] The value of $\Flim_D(E,U)$ contains numerical information about a divisor $E$, enough to determine whether $E$ is ample, numerically effective or pseudo-effective.

On refined conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer type for Hasse-Weil-Artin L-series

We consider refined conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer type for the Hasse-Weil-Artin L-series of abelian varieties over general number fields. We shall, in particular, formulate several new such conjectures and establish their precise relation to previous conjectures, including to the relevant special case of the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture. We also derive a wide range of concrete interpretations and explicit consequences of these conjectures that, in general, involve a thoroughgoing mixture of difficult archimedean considerations related to refinements of the conjecture of De…

椭圆面的高度模数：动机高度ζ函数的有理性和Kudla-Millson模性与Mordell-Weil秩跃迁

Analytically dense Mordell-Weil rank jumps on elliptic surfaces via transverse realization

本文研究椭圆面的高度模数，通过动机高度ζ函数的有理性与Kudla-Millson模性，探讨Mordell-Weil秩跃迁问题。

Bounded height in families of dynamical systems

Let a and b be algebraic numbers such that exactly one of a and b is an algebraic integer, and let f_t(z):=z^2+t be a family of polynomials parametrized by t. We prove that the set of all algebraic numbers t for which there exist positive integers m and n such that f_t^m(a)=f_t^n(b) has bounded Weil height. This is a special case of a more general result supporting a new bounded height conjecture in dynamics. Our results fit into the general setting of the principle of unlikely intersections in arithmetic dynamics.

$p$-超尖点特征形式的Bogomolov性质

The Bogomolov property for $p$-supercuspidal eigenforms

本文通过构造度量不等式，证明了与$p$处局部分量为超尖点的特征形式相关的adelic Galois表示所确定的$\mathbb Q$的代数扩张的Weil高度下界，即Bogomolov性质。

Positive semigroups and generalized Frobenius numbers over totally real number fields

Frobenius problem and its many generalizations have been extensively studied in several areas of mathematics. We study semigroups of totally positive algebraic integers in totally real number fields, defining analogues of the Frobenius numbers in this context. We use a geometric framework recently introduced by Aliev, De Loera and Louveaux to produce upper bounds on these Frobenius numbers in terms of a certain height function. We discuss some properties of this function, relating it to absolute Weil height and obtaining a lower bound in the spirit of Lehmer's conjecture for algebraic vectors …

加权超曲面在有限域上的堆栈高度、熵与Zeta函数

Stacky Heights, Entropy, and Zeta Functions of Weighted Hypersurfaces over Finite Fields

本文证明加权超曲面的规范堆栈zeta函数具有有限扇区分解，给出特殊值的有理性与函数方程，并建立迷向熵的Lang–Weil渐近，将函数域高度等同于稳定堆栈高度。