We study the roots of a random polynomial over the field of p-adic numbers. For a random monic polynomial with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}_p$, we obtain an asymptotic formula for the factorial moments of the number of roots of this polynomial. In addition, we show the probability that a random polynomial of degree $n$ has more than $\log n$ roots is $O\big(n^{-K}\big)$ for some $K > 0$.
This work is a study of $p$-adic multiple zeta values at roots of unity ($p$MZV$μ_{N}$'s), the $p$-adic periods of the crystalline pro-unipotent fundamental groupoid of $(\mathbb{P}^{1} - \{0,μ_{N},\infty\})/ \mathbb{F}_{q}$. The main tool is new objects which we call $p$-adic pro-unipotent harmonic actions. In this part IV we define and study $p$-adic analogues of some elementary complex analytic functions which interpolate multiple zeta values at roots of unity such as the multiple zeta functions. The indices of $p$MZV$μ_{N}$'s involve sequences of positive integers ; in this IV-1, by consid…
Dwork's conjecture, now proven by Wan, states that unit root L-functions "coming from geometry" are p-adic meromorphic. In this paper we study the p-adic variation of a family of unit root L-functions coming from a suitable family of toric exponential sums. In this setting, we find that the unit root L-functions each have a unique p-adic unit root. We then study the variation of this unit root over the family of unit root L-functions. Surprisingly, we find that this unit root behaves similarly to the classical case of families of exponential sums. That is, the unit root is essentially a ratio …
We give a sufficient and necessary condition for a p-adic integer to have p-th root in the ring of p-adic integers. The same condition holds clearly for residues modulo p^k. We give a proof that Fermat's last theorem is false for p-adic integers and for residues mod p^k.
In this brief note, we consider p-adic unit roots or poles of L-functions of exponential sums defined over finite fields. In particular, we look at the number of unit roots or poles, and a congruence relation on the units. This raises a question in arithmetic mirror symmetry.
We construct a meromorphic function on the eigencurve that interpolates a square root of the ratio of the central values of two quadratic twists of the $L$-function at classical points.
The L-function of symmetric powers of classical Kloosterman sums is a polynomial whose degree is now known, as well as the complex absolute values of the roots. In this paper, we provide estimates for the p-adic absolute values of these roots. Our method is indirect. We first develop a Dwork-type p-adic cohomology theory for the two-variable infinite symmetric power L-function associated to the Kloosterman family, and then study p-adic estimates of the eigenvalues of Frobenius. A continuity argument then provides the desired p-adic estimates.
Let p be a prime number, and let f, g, and h be three modular forms of weights $κ$, $λ$, and $μ$ for $SL(2,\Bbb{Z})$. We suppose $κ\geq λ+ μ$. In joint work with Kudla, one of the authors obtained a formula for the normalized {\it square root} of the value at $s = {1/2}(κ+ λ+ μ- 2)$ (the {\it central critical value}) of the triple product $L(s,f,g,h)$. We apply this formula, letting $f$ (and thus $κ$) vary in a $p$-adic analytic family ${\bold f}$ of ordinary modular forms (a Hida family). By modifying Hida's construction of the $p$-adic Rankin-Selberg convolution, we obtain a generalized $p$-…
Let $p$ be a prime number and $M$ the extension field of a $p$-adic field $K$ obtained by adjoining all $p$-power roots of all elements of $K$. In this paper, we show that there exists a constant $C$, depending only on $K$ and an integer $g>0$, which satisfies the following property:If $A_{/K}$ is a $g$-dimensional CM abelian variety, then the order of the torsion subgroup of $A(M)$ is bounded by $C$.
We study the repartition of the roots of a random p-adic polynomial in an algebraic closure of Qp.We prove that the mean number of roots generating a fixed finite extension K of Qp depends mostly on the discriminant of K, an extension containing less roots when it gets more ramified. We prove further that, for any positive integer r, a random p-adic polynomial of sufficiently large degree has about r roots on average in extensions of degree at most r.Beyond the mean, we also study higher moments and correlations between the number of roots in two given subsets of Qp (or, more generally, of a f…
We show how the theory of linear forms in two logarithms allows one to get effective irrationality measures for $n$-th roots of rational numbers ${a \over b}$, when $a$ is very close to $b$. We give a $p$-adic analogue of this result under the assumption that $a$ is $p$-adically very close to $b$, that is, that a large power of $p$ divides $a-b$. As an application, we solve completely certain families of Thue-Mahler equations. Our results illustrate, admittedly in a very special situation, the strength of the known estimates for linear forms in logarithms.
The formulas for local root numbers of abelian varieties of dimension one are known. In this paper we treat the simplest unknown case in dimension two by considering a curve of genus 2 defined over a $5$-adic field such that the inertia acts on the first $\ell$-adic cohomology group through the largest possible finite quotient, isomorphic to $C_5\rtimes C_8$. We give a few criteria to identify such curves and prove a formula for their local root numbers in terms of invariants associated to a Weierstrass equation.
We study the roots of a random polynomial over the field of $p$-adic numbers. For a random monic polynomial with i.i.d. coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}_p$, we obtain an estimate for the expected number of roots of this polynomial. In particular, if the coefficients take the values $\pm1$ with equal probability, the expected number of $p$-adic roots converges to $\left(p-1\right)/\left(p+1\right)$ as the degree of the polynomial tends to $\infty$.
In this paper, we give a fermionic p-adic integral representions of Benstein polynomials associated with Euler numbers and polynomials. Finally, we give some interesting identities for the Euler numbers by using the properties of our integral represention.
Let $f$ be a newform of even weight $2κ$ for $D^\times$, where $D$ is a possibly split indefinite quaternion algebra over $\mathbb{Q}$. Let $K$ be a quadratic imaginary field splitting $D$ and $p$ an odd prime split in $K$. We extend our theory of $p$-adic measures attached to the power series expansions of $f$ around the Galois orbit of the CM point corresponding to an embedding $K\hookrightarrow D$ to forms with any nebentypus and to $p$ dividing the level of $f$. For the latter we restrict our considerations to CM points corresponding to test objects endowed with an arithmetic $p$-level str…
In this paper, we study some properties of Changhee's q-Bernou lli polynomials which are derived from p-adic invariant integral on Zp. By using these properties, we give some interesting identities related to higher- order q-Bernoulli polynomials.
In this paper, we give p-adic q-integral representation for the Kim's q-Bernstein polynomials and we give some interesting formulae realted to Carlitz's q-Bernoulli numbers.
In this paper we study q-Euler numbers and polynomials by using p-adic q-fermionic integrals on Z_p. The methods to study q-Euler numbers and polynomials in this paper are new.
In this article, we study several probabilistic properties of polynomials defined over the ring of $p$-adic integers under the Haar measure. First, we calculate the probability that a monic polynomial is separable, generalizing a result of Polak. Second, we introduce the notion of two polynomials being strongly coprime and calculate the probability of two monic polynomials {being} strongly coprime. Finally, we explain how our method can be used to extrapolate other probabilistic properties of polynomials over the ring of $p$-adic integers from polynomials defined over the integers modulo power…
We construct the q-extension of the Hurwitz's type L-function which interpolates the q-extension of generalized Bernoulli polynomials attached to $chi$.
The purpose of this paper is to present a systemic study of some families of q-Euler numbers and polynomials of Norlund's type by using multivariate fermionic p-adic integral on Zp. Moreover, the study of these higher-order q-Euler numbers and polynomials implies some interesting q-analogue of stirling numbers identities.
By applying the p-adic q-Volkenborn Integrals including the bosonic and the fermionic p-adic integrals on p-adic integers, we define generating functions, attached to the Dirichlet character, for the generalized Apostol-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, the generalized Apostol-Euler numbers and polynomials, generalized Apostol-Daehee numbers and polynomials, and also generalized Apostol-Changhee numbers and polynomials. We investigate some properties of these numbers and polynomials with their generating functions. By using these generating functions and their functional equation, we give som…
In this paper, we investigate some new symmetric identities for the q-Euler polynomials under the symmetric group of degree n which are derived from fermionic p-adic q-integrals on Zp.
We implement an iterative numerical method to solve polynomial equations $f(x)=0$ in the $p$-adic numbers, where $f(x) \in\mathbb{Z}_p[x]$. This method is a simplified $p$-adic analogue of Jarratt's method for finding roots of functions over the real numbers. We establish that our method has a higher order of convergence than J.F.T. Rabago's $p$-adic version of Olver's method from 2016. Moreover, we weaken the initial conditions in Rabago's method, which allows us to start the iteration with a multiple root of the congruence $f(x) \equiv 0 \bmod{p}$.
We define the notion of {\it Dwork family of logarithmic $F$-crystals}, a typical example of which is the family of Gauss hypergeometricdifferential systems, viewed as parametrized by their exponents of algebraic monodromy. The $p$-adic analytic dependence of the Frobenius operation upon those exponents, is Dwork's "Boyarsky Principle". We discuss, in favorable cases, the $p$-adic analytic continuation of the unit root $F$-subcrystal in the open tube of a singularity, uniformly w.r.t. the exponents. We obtain a conceptual proof of the Koblitz-Diamond formula $p$-adically analog to Gauss' evalu…
Let n be a positive integer and let p be a prime. We calculate the probability that a random monic polynomial of degree n with coefficients in the ring Z_p of p-adic integers splits over Z_p into linear factors.
When the branch character has root number -1, the corresponding anticyclotomic Katz p-adic L-function identically vanishes. In this case, we study the $μ$-invariant of the cyclotomic derivative of Katz p-adic L-function. As an application, this proves the non-vanishing of the anticyclotomic regulator of a self-dual CM modular form with the root number -1. The result also plays a crucial role in the recent work of Hsieh on the Eisenstein ideal approach to a one-sided divisibility of the CM main conjecture.
In this paper we study the properties of an algorithm for generating continued fractions in the field of p-adic numbers $\mathbb{Q}_p$. First of all, we obtain an analogue of the Galois' Theorem for classical continued fractions. Then, we investigate the length of the preperiod for periodic expansions of square roots. Finally, we prove that there exist infinitely many square roots of integers in $\mathbb{Q}_p$ that have a periodic expansion with period of length four, solving an open problem left by Browkin.
In this note, we give a criteria whether given two Eisenstein polynomials over a padic field define the same extension (Proposition 1.6). In particular, we completely identify Eisenstein polynomials of degree p (Theorem 1.16). This note is an English translation of a part of the original paper [12].
We investigate the local descents for special orthogonal groups over p-adic local fields of characteristic zero, and obtain an explicit spectral decomposition of the local descents at the first occurrence index in terms of the local Langlands data via the explicit local Langlands correspondence and explicit calculations of relevant local root numbers. The main result can be regarded as a refinement of the local Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture.
For a prime $p$ and an integer $x$, the $p$-adic valuation of $x$ is denoted by $ν_{p}(x)$. For a polynomial $Q$ with integer coefficients, the sequence of valuations $ν_{p}(Q(n))$ is shown to be either periodic or unbounded. The first case corresponds to the situation where $Q$ has no roots in the ring of $p$-adic integers. In the periodic situation, the period length is determined.
We prove a statement on p-adic continuity of matrices of coefficients of the logarithm of the Artin-Mazur formal group law associated to the middle cohomology of a hypersurface. As Jan Stienstra discovered in 1986, the entries of these matrices are coefficients of powers of the equation of the hypersurface, and in certain cases they satisfy congruences of Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer type. These congruences imply that eigenvalues of our limiting matrices are eigenvalues of Frobenius of zero p-adic valuation on the middle crystalline cohomology of the fibre at p.
Distinguished defining polynomials for extensions of p-adic fields
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；University of North Carolina Greensboro（北卡罗来纳大学格林斯伯勒分校）；University of Minnesota Morris（明尼苏达大学莫里斯分校）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
We investigate hyperderivatives of Drinfeld modular forms and determine formulas for these derivatives in terms of Goss polynomials for the kernel of the Carlitz exponential. As a consequence we prove that v-adic modular forms in the sense of Serre, as defined by Goss and Vincent, are preserved under hyperdifferentiation. Moreover, upon multiplication by a Carlitz factorial, hyperdifferentiation preserves v-integrality.
We present a family of algorithms for computing the Galois group of a polynomial defined over a $p$-adic field. Apart from the "naive" algorithm, these are the first general algorithms for this task. As an application, we compute the Galois groups of all totally ramified extensions of $\mathbb{Q}_2$ of degrees 18, 20 and 22, tables of which are available online.
Using non-archimedean q-integrals on Zp defined in [15, 16], we define a new Changhee q-Euler polynomials and numbers which are different from those of Kim [7] and Carlitz [2]. We define generating functions of multiple q-Euler numbers and polynomials. Furthermore we construct multivariate Hurwitz type zeta function which interpolates the multivariate q-Euler numbers or polynomials at negative integers.
In recent years, studying degenerate versions of various special polynomials and numbers have attracted many mathematicians. Here we introduce degenerate type 2 Bernoulli polynomials, fully degenerate type 2 Bernoulli polynomials and degenerate type 2 Euler polynomials, and their corresponding numbers, as degenerate and type 2 versions of Bernoulli and Euler numbers. Regarding to those polynomials and numbers, we derive some identities, distribution relations, Witt type formulas and analogues for the Bernoulli's interpretation of powers of the first $m$ positive integers in terms of Bernoulli …
In the present paper, our goal is to introduce a p-adic continuous function for an odd prime to inside a p-adic q-analogue of the higher order dedekind-type sums with weight alpha related to Extended q-Euler polynomials by using p-adic q-integral in the p-adic integer ring.
The most frequently asked question in the $p-$adic lattice models of statistical mechanics is that whether a root of a polynomial equation belongs to domains $\mathbb{Z}_p^{*}, \ \mathbb{Z}_p\setminus\mathbb{Z}_p^{*}, \ \mathbb{Z}_p, \ \mathbb{Q}_p\setminus\mathbb{Z}_p^{*}, \ \mathbb{Q}_p\setminus\left(\mathbb{Z}_p\setminus\mathbb{Z}_p^{*}\right), \ \mathbb{Q}_p\setminus\mathbb{Z}_p, \ \mathbb{Q}_p $ or not. However, this question was open even for lower degree polynomial equations. In this paper, we give local descriptions of roots of cubic equations over the $p-$adic fields for $p>3$.
Starting from a classical generating series for Bessel functions due to Schlomilch, we use Dwork's relative dual theory to broadly generalize unit-root results of Dwork on Kloosterman sums and Sperber on hyperkloosterman sums. In particular, we express the (unique) p-adic unit root of an arbitrary exponential sum on the torus in terms of special values of the p-adic analytic continuation of a ratio of A-hypergeometric functions. In contrast with the earlier works, we use noncohomological methods and obtain results that are valid for arbitrary exponential sums without any hypothesis of nondegen…
We give an algorithm that constructs a minimal set of polynomials defining all extension of a $(π)$-adic field with given, inertia degree, ramification index, discriminant, ramification polygon, and residual polynomials of the segments of the ramification polygon.
In this paper we give some interesting equation of p-adic q-integrals on Zp. From those p-adic q-integrals, we present a systemic study of some families of extended Carlitz q-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials in p-adic number field.
The present paper deals with unification of the multiple twisted Euler and Genocchi numbers and polynomials associated with p-adic q-integral on Zp at q = 1. Some earlier results of Ozden's papers in terms of unification of the multiple twisted Euler and Genocchi numbers and polynomials associated with p-adic q-integral on Zp at q = 1 can be deduced. We apply the method of generating function and p-adic q-integral representation on Zp, which are exploited to derive further classes of Euler polynomials and Genocchi polynomials. To be more precise we summarize our results as follows, we obtain s…
Several new estimates for the 2-adic valuations of Stirling numbers of the second kind are proved. These estimates, together with criteria for when they are sharp, lead to improvements in several known theorems and their proofs, as well as to new theorems. The estimates and criteria all depend on our previous analysis of powers of 2 in the denominators of coefficients of higher order Bernoulli polynomials. The corresponding estimates for Stirling numbers of the first kind are also proved. Some attention is given to asymptotic cases, which will be further explored in subsequent publications.
We derive three identities of symmetry in two variables and eight in three variables related to generalized twisted Bernoulli polynomials and generalized twisted power sums, both of which are twisted by unramified roots of unity. The case of ramified roots of unity was treated previously. The derivations of identities are based on the $p$-adic integral expression, with respect to a measure introduced by Koblitz, of the generating function for the generalized twisted Bernoulli polynomials and the quotient of $p$-adic integrals that can be expressed as the exponential generating function for the…
We prove that the density of polynomials $P(x)=\sum_{i=0}^n a_n x^n$ over a local field $K$ generating an étale extension with specified splitting type is a rational function in terms of the size of the residue field of $K$ in the case where the splitting type is tame. Moreover, we give a computable recursive formula for these densities and compute the asymptotics of this density as the size of the residue field tends to infinity.
For a global function field K of positive characteristic p, we show that Artin conjecture for L-functions of geometric p-adic Galois representations of K is true in a non-trivial p-adic disk but is false in the full p-adic plane. In particular, we prove the non-rationality of the geometric unit root L-functions.
We derive eight identities of symmetry in three variables related to generalized twisted Bernoulli polynomials and generalized twisted power sums, both of which are twisted by ramified roots of unity. All of these are new, since there have been results only about identities of symmetry in two variables. The derivations of identities are based on the $p$-adic integral expression of the generating function for the generalized twisted Bernoulli polynomials and the quotient of $p$-adic integrals that can be expressed as the exponential generating function for the generalized twisted power sums.
We derive eight identities of symmetry in three variables related to generalized twisted Euler polynomials and alternating generalized twisted power sums, both of which are twisted by ramified roots of unity. All of these are new, since there have been results only about identities of symmetry in two variables. The derivations of identities are based on the $p$-adic integral expression of the generating function for the generalized twisted Euler polynomials and the quotient of $p$-adic integrals that can be expressed as the exponential generating function for the alternating generalized twiste…
