Horacio Casini, Marina Huerta
These notes grew from a series of lectures given by the authors during the last decade. They will be published in the proceedings of TASI 2021. After a brief introduction to quantum information theory tools, they are organized in four chapters covering the following subjects: Entanglement in quantum field theory, Irreversibility theorems, Energy-entropy bounds, Entanglement and symmetries.
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These notes, based on lectures given at various schools over the last few years, aim to provide an introduction to entanglement entropies in quantum field theories, including holographic ones. We explore basic properties and simple examples of entanglement entropies, mostly in two dimensions, with an emphasis on physical rather than formal aspects of the subject. In the holographic case, the focus is on how the Ryu-Takayanagi formula geometrically realizes general features of field-theory entanglement, while revealing special properties of holographic theories. In order to make the notes somew…
Lectures on entanglement, von Neumann algebras, and emergence of spacetime
本讲义综述了冯·诺依曼代数在量子引力纠缠结构及半经典时空涌现中的应用，涵盖代数基础、AdS/CFT代数表述、体时空涌现及引力熵，并提出防火墙诊断和纠缠岛代数表述等原创贡献。
The AdS/CFT correspondence provides quantum theories of gravity in which spacetime and gravitational physics emerge from ordinary non-gravitational quantum systems with many degrees of freedom. Recent work in this context has uncovered fascinating connections between quantum information theory and quantum gravity, suggesting that spacetime geometry is directly related to the entanglement structure of the underlying quantum mechanical degrees of freedom and that aspects of spacetime dynamics (gravitation) can be understood from basic quantum information theoretic constraints. In these notes, we…
This is the written version of a lecture given at KITP in Oct 2014 on Black Holes and quantum complexity. I've included (in boldface) various questions that came up during the lecture and discussions the following day, as well as the quantitative calculations that form the basis of the arguments.
Lectures on Quantum Extremal Surfaces and the Page Curve
本文整理了两组教学讲义，系统讲解霍金辐射推导、永恒黑洞熵悖论及二维模型中的纠缠岛计算，为理解量子极值面与佩奇曲线提供入门材料。
These notes are based on a lecture given by S. L. Woronowicz at the Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences.
This contribution to the proceedings of the 1999 NATO ASI on Quantum Geometry at Akureyri, Iceland, is based on notes of lectures given by A. Strominger. Topics include N-particle conformal quantum mechanics, extended superconformal quantum mechanics and multi-black hole moduli spaces.
Lead by examples we introduce the notions of Hopf algebra and quantum group. We study their geometry and in particular their Lie algebra (of left invariant vectorfields). The examples of the quantum sl(2) Lie algebra and of the quantum (twisted) Poincare Lie algebra iso_θ(3,1) are presented.
These lectures present an elementary discussion of some background material relevant to the problem of de Sitter quantum gravity. The first two lectures discuss the classical geometry of de Sitter space and properties of quantum field theory on de Sitter space, especially the temperature and entropy of de Sitter space. The final lecture contains a pedagogical discussion of the appearance of the conformal group as an asymptotic symmetry group, which is central to the dS/CFT correspondence. A (previously lacking) derivation of asymptotically de Sitter boundary conditions is also given.
These five lectures collect elementary facts about 4D supersymmetric theories with emphasis on N=1 supersymmetry, as well as the basic notions of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Contents: I. From symmetries to supersymmetry; II. Basic features of supersymmetry; III. Representations of supersymmetry; IV. Superspace and superfields; V. Supersymmetric quantum mechanics.
Bootstrap 2024: Lectures on "The algebraic approach: when, how, and why?"
本文是Bootstrap 2024会议上代数量子场论迷你课程的讲义，介绍该方法的适用场景、应用工具与学习价值，讲解其基础工具及平均零能条件论证、半经典黑洞熵研究等现代成果。
Krakow Lectures on Scalar Quantum Solitons
本文通过哈密顿方法介绍线性化孤子微扰理论（LSPT），构建压缩相干态并计算多圈修正，应用于扭结-介子散射和畴壁孤子。
This is an expanded version of the notes to a course taught by the first author at the 1995 Les Houches Summer School. Constraints on a tentative reconciliation of quantum theory and general relativity are reviewed. It is explained what supersymmetric quantum theory teaches us about differential topology and geometry. Non-commutative differential topology and geometry are developed in some detail. As an example, the non-commutative torus is studied. An introduction to string theory and $M$(atrix) models is provided, and it is outlined how tools of non-commutative geometry can be used to explor…
These are notes from my lectures at TASI 2015. The goal is to provide context for the study of strongly-correlated quantum many-body systems using quantum field theory, and possibly string theory.
We discuss peculiarities of quantum fields in de Sitter space on the example of the self-interacting massive real scalar, minimally coupled to the gravity background. Non-conformal quantum field theories in de Sitter space show very special infrared behavior, which is not shared by quantum fields neither in flat nor in anti-de-Sitter space: in de Sitter space loops are not suppressed in comparison with tree level contributions because there are strong infrared corrections. That is true even for massive fields. Our main concern is the interrelation between these infrared effects, the invariance…
Lectures given at the Trieste Summer School, 1992. These notes are an update of my review article "Classical and Quantum W-Gravity", preprint QMW-92-1, published in in "Strings and Symmetries 1991", with some extra material on W-geometry, W-symmetry in conformal field theory and W-strings.
These lecture notes give an introduction to a number of ideas and methods that have been useful in the study of complex systems ranging from spin glasses to D-branes on Calabi-Yau manifolds. Topics include the replica formalism, Parisi's solution of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, overlap order parameters, supersymmetric quantum mechanics, D-brane landscapes and their black hole duals.
This is a self-contained set of lecture notes on instantons in (super) Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions and in quantum mechanics. First the basics are derived from scratch: the regular and singular one-instanton solutions for Yang-Mills theories with gauge groups SU(2) and SU(N), their bosonic and fermionic zero modes, the path integral instanton measure, and supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories in Euclidean space. Then we discuss applications: the θ-angle of QCD, the solution of the U(1) problem, the way Higgs fields solve the large-instanton problem, and tunneling and phase transitions in …
Without invalidating quantum mechanics as a principle underlying the dynamics of a fundamental theory, it is possible to ask for even more basic dynamical laws that may yield quantum mechanics as the machinery needed for its statistical analysis. In conventional systems such as the Standard Model for quarks and leptons, this would lead to hidden variable theories, which are known to be plagued by problems such as non-locality. But Planck scale physics is so different from field theories in some flat background space-time that here the converse may be the case: we speculate that causality and l…
These lectures notes are based on courses given at National Taiwan University, National Chiao-Tung University, and National Tsing Hua University in the spring term of 2015. Although the course was offered primarily for graduate students, these lecture notes have been prepared for a more general audience. They are intended as an introduction to conformal field theories in various dimensions, with applications related to topics of particular interest: topics include the conformal bootstrap program, boundary conformal field theory, and applications related to the AdS/CFT correspondence. We assume…
Classical and quantum aspects of noncommutative field theories are discussed. In particular, noncommutative solitons and instantons are constructed and also d=2,3 noncommutative fermion and bosonic (Wess-Zumino-Witten and Chern-Simons)theories are analyzed.
These are lecture notes of the QFT-I course I gave in an online mode at Chennai Mathematical Institute. The course focussed on the free relativistic quantum fields, their interactions in the perturbative scattering framework, standard computations of QED processes, radiative corrections at 1-loop with renormalization and an introduction to the toolbox of path integrals.
These lectures provide an introduction to noncommutative geometry and its origins in quantum mechanics and to the construction of solitons in noncommutative field theory. These ideas are applied to the construction of D-branes as solitons of the tachyon field in noncommutative open string theory. A brief discussion is given of the K-theory classification of D-brane charge in terms of the K-theory of operator algebras. Based on lectures presented at the Komaba 2000 workshop, Nov. 14-16 2000.
These lectures aim to provide a global picture of the spaces of consistent quantum supergravity theories and string vacua in higher dimensions. The lectures focus on theories in the even dimensions 10, 8, and 6. Supersymmetry, along with with anomaly cancellation and other quantum constraints, places strong limitations on the set of physical theories which can be consistently coupled to gravity in higher-dimensional space-times. As the dimensionality of space-time decreases, the range of possible supergravity theories and the set of known string vacuum constructions expand. These lectures deve…
These lectures provide an introduction to lattice methods for nonperturbative studies of quantum field theories, with an emphasis on Quantum Chromodynamics. Lecture 1 (Ch. 2): gauge field basics Lecture 2 (Ch. 3): Abelian duality with a lattice regulator (Ch. 4): simple lattice intuition Lecture 3 (Ch. 5): standard methods (and results) for hadron spectroscopy Lecture 4 (Ch. 6): bare actions and physics Lecture 5 (Ch. 7): two case studies, mass of the glueball and $α_s(M_Z)$
This is a one semester course on bosonic string theory aimed at beginning graduate students. The lectures assume a working knowledge of quantum field theory and general relativity. Contents: 1. The Classical String 2. The Quantum String 3. Open Strings and D-Branes 4. Introducing Conformal Field Theory 5. The Polyakov Path Integral and Ghosts 6. String Interactions 7. The Low-Energy Effective Action 8. Compactification and T-Duality
These lectures cover aspects of solitons with focus on applications to the quantum dynamics of supersymmetric gauge theories and string theory. The lectures consist of four sections, each dealing with a different soliton. We start with instantons and work down in co-dimension to monopoles, vortices and, eventually, domain walls. Emphasis is placed on the moduli space of solitons and, in particular, on the web of connections that links solitons of different types. The D-brane realization of the ADHM and Nahm construction for instantons and monopoles is reviewed, together with related constructi…
Four lectures on holography and the AdS/CFT correspondence applied to condensed matter systems. The first lecture introduces the concept of a quantum phase transition. The second lecture discusses linear response theory and Ward identities. The third lecture presents transport coefficients derived from AdS/CFT that should be applicable in the quantum critical region associated to a quantum phase transition. The fourth lecture builds in the physics of a superconducting or superfluid phase transition to the simple holographic model of the third lecture.
This is an introduction to the basic ideas and to a few further selected topics in conformal quantum field theory and in the theory of Kac-Moody algebras.
The goal of these lectures is to introduce readers with a basic knowledge of undergraduate physics (specifically non-relativistic quantum mechanics, special relativity, and electromagnetism) to the `current theory of everything': the Standard Model of particle of physics. By the end of the course, readers should be able to make predictions for simple processes at the Large Hadron Collider, such as decay rates of the Higgs boson. Some discussion of the ongoing search for physics beyond the Standard Model is also included. Based on lectures given at the Universities of Cambridge (UK) and Canterb…
In these lectures several aspects of anyon in one and two dimensions are considered from the path integral formalism. This paper is based in a set of four lectures given by the author in the "V Latinoamerican Workshop of Particles and Fields, hel in Puebla, Mexico.
TASI lectures on Matrix Theory from a modern viewpoint
该TASI讲义从后AdS/CFT视角，综述BFSS矩阵量子力学的退耦论证、引力对偶及强耦合外推，还介绍了矩阵自举法在该量子力学中的应用。
Lecture notes for the course "Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism and applications in topological quantum field theory" given at the University of Notre Dame in the Fall 2016 for a mathematical audience. In these lectures we give a slow introduction to the perturbative path integral for gauge theories in Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism and the associated mathematical concepts.
The topic of 4D, N = 1 supersymmetry is introduced for the reader with a prior background in relativistic quantum field theory. The presentation is designed to be a useful primer for those who plan to later engage in serious investigation of the area or as an overview for the generally interested.
The Swampland program aims to determine the constraints that an effective field theory must satisfy to be consistent with a UV embedding in a quantum gravity theory. Different proposals have been formulated in the form of Swampland conjectures. In these lecture notes, we provide a pedagogical introduction to the most important Swampland conjectures, their connections and their realization in string theory compactifications. The notes are based on the series of lectures given by Irene Valenzuela at the online QFT and Geometry summer school in July 2020.
In these lecture notes, we review some recent developments on the relation between the macroscopic entropy of four-dimensional BPS black holes and the microscopic counting of states, beyond the thermodynamical, large charge limit. After a brief overview of charged black holes in supergravity and string theory, we give an extensive introduction to special and very special geometry, attractor flows and topological string theory, including holomorphic anomalies. We then expose the Ooguri-Strominger-Vafa (OSV) conjecture which relates microscopic degeneracies to the topological string amplitude, a…
These are notes of lectures on spinning particles and the worldline formalism originally given by Olindo Corradini and Christian Schubert at the School on Spinning Particles in Quantum Field Theory: Worldline Formalism, Higher Spins, and Conformal Geometry, held at Morelia, Mexico, from November 19 through November 23, 2012. The lectures were addressed to graduate level students with a background in relativistic quantum mechanics and at least a rudimentary knowledge of field theory. They have since been updated to include a further set of lecture notes on tree level processes from a worldline …
These are notes of lectures given at The NATO Advanced Study Institute/EC Summer School on ``New Theoretical Approaches to Strongly Correlated Systems'' (Newton Institute, April 2000). They are a sequel to the notes I wrote two years ago for the Summer School ``Topological Aspects of Low Dimensional Systems'', (Les Houches, July 1998). In this second part, I review the form-factors technique and its extension to massless quantum field theories. I then discuss the calculation of correlators in integrable quantum impurity problems, with special emphasis on point contact tunneling in the fraction…
We give a standard introduction to loop quantum gravity, from the ADM variables to spin network states. We include a discussion on quantum geometry on a fixed graph and its relation to a discrete approximation of general relativity.
Lectures on Quantum Field Theory on a Quantum Computer
讲义介绍了在量子计算机上实现量子场论的方法，涵盖非谐振子、张量网络技术及误差建模，适用于教学和研究
These Lectures summarize the relevant material on existent applications of jet manifold techniques to classical and quantum field theory. The following topics are included: 1. Fibre bundles, 2. Jet manifolds, 3. Connections, 4. Lagrangian field theory, 5. Gauge theory of principal connections, 6. Higher order jets, 7. Infinite order jets, 8. The variational bicomplex, 9. Geometry of simple graded manifolds, 10. Jets of ghosts and antifields.
Les Houches Lecture Notes on Tensor Networks
张量网络通过研究纠缠结构与对称性，为量子物质相关拓扑相分类和模拟提供新框架，突破多体指数墙。
These are notes from a 15 week course aimed at graduate mathematicians. They provide an essentially self-contained introduction to some of the ideas and terminology of QFT.
In these four lectures, aiming at senior undergraduate and junior graduate Physics and Mathematics students, basic elements of the theory of elliptic functions are presented. Simple applications in classical mechanics are discussed, including a point particle in a cubic, sinusoidal or hyperbolic potential, as well as simple applications in quantum mechanics, namely the n=1 Lame potential. These lectures were given at the School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences of the National Technical University of Athens in May 2017.
Modave lectures on energy conditions in quantum field theory and semi-classical gravity
本文回顾了经典能量条件及其对引力解的影响，包括霍金和彭罗斯奇点定理，然后讨论了量子场与引力耦合时能量密度约束的方向，包括时空区域的平均和能量与量子信息的关系，探讨了这些约束对量子场论与引力的有效理论的影响，以及如何指导对量子引力的理解。
These lecture notes introduce the reader to the hot big bang model, cosmological perturbations, gravitational waves, the cosmic microwave background, inflation, the singularity problem, the cosmological constant problem and the cosmology of quantum gravity.
In these lectures we present a few topics in Quantum Field Theory in detail. Some of them are conceptual and some more practical. They have been selected because they appear frequently in current applications to Particle Physics and String Theory.
These notes are an introduction to General Relativity as a Quantum Effective Field Theory, following the material given in a short course on the subject at EPFL. The intent is to develop General Relativity starting from a quantum field theoretic viewpoint, and to introduce some of the techniques needed to understand the subject.
This is a write-up of Sidney Coleman's classic lecture first given as a Dirac Lecture at Cambridge University and later recorded when repeated at the New England sectional meeting of the American Physical Society (April 9, 1994). My sources have been this recording and a copy of the slides Sidney send to me after he gave the lecture as a Physics Colloquium at Stanford University some time between 1995 and 1998. To preserve both the scientific content and most of the charm, I have kept the editing to a minimum, but did add a bibliography containing the references Sidney mentioned.--Martin Greit…
These are lectures presented at the Les Houches Summer School ``Topology and Geometry in Physics'', July 1998. They provide a simple introduction to non perturbative methods of field theory in 1+1 dimensions, and their application to the study of strongly correlated condensed matter problems - in particular quantum impurity problems. The level is moderately advanced, and takes the student all the way to the most recent progress in the field: many exercises and additional references are provided. In the first part, I give a sketchy introduction to conformal field theory. I then explain how boun…
The legendary 1951 Dyson Lectures on Advanced Quantum Mechanics are finally LaTeXed, with thorough annotations and an index as an added bonus. See the Typist's Afterward preceding the backmatter for an explanation of this new version, and for the historical context see the website: http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/renormalization/dyson51-intro/ as well as the author's website at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study: http://www.sns.ias.edu/~dyson/
These lecture notes introduce exact Wilsonian renormalisation, and describe its technical approach, from an intuitive implementation to more advanced realisations. The methods and concepts are explained with a scalar theory, and their extension to quantum gravity is discussed as an application.
Quantum Field Theory in Large N Wonderland: Three Lectures
本讲义回顾了如何利用大N技术求解不同维度的量子场论，涵盖N维量子力学、非相对论致密中子物质和四维标量场论，指出大N解作为完全非微扰方法能可靠处理弱耦合展开失效的参数区域。
This is the current form of lecture notes on my approach to field quantization. I explain on a simple scalar-field model the physical motivation and show some preliminary applications (field produced by a pointlike charge, the vacuum-to-vacuum loop diagram, the Casimir presure). The approach is based on an appropriate construction of a representation of harmonic-oscillator Lie algebra and a sequential definition of Dirac deltas.
In these lectures I give an introduction to the quantum physics of black holes, including recent developments based on quantum information theory such as the firewall paradox and its various cousins. I also give an introduction to holography and the AdS/CFT correspondence, focusing on those aspects which are relevant for the black hole information problem.
In this series of lectures directed towards a mainly mathematically oriented audience I try to motivate the use of operator algebra methods in quantum field theory. Therefore a title as ``why mathematicians are/should be interested in algebraic quantum field theory'' would be equally fitting. Besides a presentation of the framework and the main results of local quantum physics these notes may serve as a guide to some frontier research problems in mathematical physics with applications in particle and condensed matter physics for whose solution operator algebraic methods seem indispensable. The…
The purpose of these lectures is to describe the basic theoretical structures underlying the rich and beautiful physics of the quantum Hall effect. The focus is on the interplay between microscopic wavefunctions, long-distance effective Chern-Simons theories, and the modes which live on the boundary. The notes are aimed at graduate students in any discipline where $\hbar=1$. A working knowledge of quantum field theory is assumed. Contents: 1. The Basics (Landau levels and Berry phase). 2. The Integer Quantum Hall Effect. 3. The Fractional Quantum Hall Effect. 4. Non-Abelian Quantum Hall States…
These notes introduce a handful of core ideas from quantum information science that figure prominently in modern research on quantum gravity. The central concept that forms the base of these notes is that of a quantum channel; that is, the most general physically-reasonable map between quantum states and between operators on Hilbert space. After reviewing some fundamentals, we will study channels and their properties, and then go on to formulate quantum error correction in terms of quantum channels. Along the way, we will see how a handful of problems in high energy physics, such as the black …
Lecture Notes on Normalizing Flows for Lattice Quantum Field Theories
本文通过归一化流方法研究格点量子场论的非微扰领域，利用机器学习技术解决拓扑结构和临界点问题。
In these 4 lectures, I give a brief introduction to the principles of effective field theory and discuss their application via 3 examples: (i) the Standard Model as an effective theory; (ii) non-linear sigma models and the composite Higgs; (iii) the quantum field theory of fluids.
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