In this paper, we study meromorphic functions on a domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{C}$ whose image has finite spherical area, counted with multiplicity. The paper is composed of two parts. In the first part, we show that the limit of a sequence of meromorphic functions is naturally defined on $Ω$ union a tree of spheres. In the second part, we show that a set $E \subset Ω$ is removable if and only if it is negligible for extremal distance.
Every nonconstant meromorphic function in the plane univalently covers spherical discs of radii arbitrarily close to arctan(sqrt 8) ~ 70^\circ 32'. If in addition all critical points of the function are multiple, then a similar statement holds with pi/2. These constants are the best possible. The proof is based on the consideration of negatively curved singular surfaces associated with meromorphic functions.
We discuss meromorphic functions on the complex plane which are Brody curves regarded as holomorphic maps to P_1, i.e., which have bounded spherical derivative.
We show that a family of meromorphic functions in the unit disk $\dk$ whose spherical derivatives are uniformly bounded away from zero is normal. Furthermore, we show that for each $f$ meromorphic in $\dk$ we have $\inf_{z\in\dk} f^#(z)\le \frac{1}{2}$$ where $f^#$ denotes the spherical derivative of $f$.
We establish pointwise growth estimates for the spherical derivative of solutions of the first order algebraic differential equations. A generalization of this result to higher order equations is also given. We discuss the related question of when for a given class $X$ of meromorphic functions in the unit disc, defined by means of the spherical derivative, and $m \in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{1\}$, $f^m\in X$ implies $f\in X$. An affirmative answer to this is given for example in the case of $\mathord{\rm UBC}$, the $α$-normal functions with $α\ge1$ and certain (sufficiently large) Dirichlet type…
Let $Σ_k(p)$ be the class of univalent meromorphic functions defined on $\mathbb{D}$ with $k$-quasiconformal extension to the extended complex plane $\widehat{\mathbb{C}}$, where $0\leq k < 1$. Let $Σ_k^0(p)$ be the class of functions $f \in Σ_k(p)$ having expansion of the form $f(z)= 1/(z-p) + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}b_n z^{n}$ on $\mathbb{D}$. In this article, we obtain sharp area distortion and weighted area distortion inequalities for functions in $Σ_k^0(p)$. As a consequence of the obtained results, we present a sharp estimate for the bounds of the Hilbert transform.
We prove a sharp Schwarz-type lemma for meromorphic functions with spherical derivative uniformly bounded away from zero. As a consequence we deduce an improved quantitative version of a recent normality criterion due to Grahl & Nevo and Steinmetz, which is asymptotically best possibe. Based on a well--known symmetry result of Gidas, Ni & Nirenberg for nonlinear elliptic PDEs, we relate our Schwarz-type lemma to an associated nonlinear dual boundary extremal problem. As an application we obtain a generalization of Beurling's extension of the Riemann mapping theorem for the case of the spherica…
We study meromorphic functions in a strip almost periodic with respect to the spherical metric. Then we get a complete description of zeros and poles for this class of functions, find a condition for a meromorphic almost periodic function to be a quotient of two holomorphic almost periodic function, find a necessary and suficient condition for sum and product of almost periodic meromorphic functions to be almost periodic.
In this note, we consider meromorphic univalent functions $f(z)$ in the unit disc with a simple pole at $z=p\in(0,1)$ which have a $k$-quasiconformal extension to the extended complex plane $\hat{\mathbb C},$ where $0\leq k < 1$. We denote the class of such functions by $Σ_k(p)$. We first prove an area theorem for functions in this class. Next, we derive a sufficient condition for meromorphic functions in the unit disc with a simple pole at $z=p\in(0,1)$ to belong to the class $Σ_k(p)$. Finally, we give a convolution property for functions in the class $Σ_k(p)$.
In [Israel J. Math, 2014], Grahl and Nevo obtained a significant improvement for the well-known normality criterion of Montel. They proved that for a family of meromorphic functions $\mathcal F$ in a domain $D\subset \mathbb C,$ and for a positive constant $ε$, if for each $f\in \mathcal F$ there exist meromorphic functions $a_f,b_f,c_f$ such that $f$ omits $a_f,b_f,c_f$ in $D$ and $$\min\{ρ(a_f(z),b_f(z)), ρ(b_f(z),c_f(z)), ρ(c_f(z),a_f(z))\}\geq ε,$$ for all $z\in D$, then $\mathcal F$ is normal in $D$. Here, $ρ$ is the spherical metric in $\widehat{\mathbb C}$. In this paper, we establish t…
The classical representation problem for a meromorphic function f in C^n, n>=1, consists in representing f as the quotient f=g/h of two entire functions g and h, each with logarithm of modulus majorized by a function as close as possible to the Nevanlinna characteristic. Here we introduce generalizations of the Nevanlinna characteristic and give a short survey of classical and recent results on the representation of a meromorphic function in terms such characteristics. When f has a finite lower order, the Paley problem on best possible estimates of the growth of entire functions g and h in the…
The escaping set I(f) of a transcendental meromorphic function f consists of all points which tend to infinity under iteration. The Eremenko-Lyubich class B consists of all transcendental meromorphic functions for which the set of finite critical and asymptotic values of f is bounded. It is shown that if f is in B and of finite order of growth, if infinity is not an asymptotic value of f and if the multiplicities of the poles of f are uniformly bounded, then the Hausdorff dimension of I(f) is strictly smaller than 2. In fact, we give a sharp bound for the Hausdorff dimension of I(f) in terms o…
We prove several sharp distortion and monotonicity theorems for spherically convex functions defined on the unit disk involving geometric quantities such as spherical length, spherical area and total spherical curvature. These results can be viewed as geometric variants of the classical Schwarz lemma for spherically convex functions.
Let $f=h+\overline{g}$ be a harmonic univalent map in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$, where $h $ and $g$ are analytic. We obtain an improved estimate for the second coefficient of $h$. This indeed is the first qualitative improvement after the appearance of the papers by Clunie and Sheil-Small in 1984, and by Sheil-Small in 1990. Also, when the sup-norm of the dilatation is less than $1$, it is shown that the spherical area of the covering surface of $h$ is dominated by the spherical area of the covering surface of $f.$
We establish an injective correspondence $M\longrightarrow\mathcal E(M)$ between real-analytic nonminimal hypersurfaces $M\subset\mathbb{C}^{2}$, spherical at a generic point, and a class of second order complex ODEs with a meromorphic singularity. We apply this result to the proof of the bound $\mbox{dim}\,\mathfrak{hol}(M,p)\leq 5$ for the infinitesimal automorphism algebra of an \it arbitrary \rm germ $(M,p)\not\sim(S^3,p')$ of a real-analytic Levi nonflat hypersurface $M\subset\mathbb{C}^2$ (the Dimension Conjecture). This bound gives the first proof of the dimension gap $\mbox{dim}\,\math…
Let $f$ be an analytic function on the unit disc which is in the Dirichlet class, so the Euclidean area of the image, counting multiplicity, is finite. The Euclidean length of a radial arc of hyperbolic length $ρ$ is then $o(ρ^1/2)$. In this note we consider the corresponding results when $f$ maps into the unit disc with the hyperbolic metric or the Riemann sphere with the spherical metric. Similar but not identical results hold.
We prove that the family $\mathcal{F}_C(D)$ of all meromorphic functions $f$ on a domain $D\subseteq \mathbb{C}$ with the property that the spherical area of the image domain $f(D)$ is uniformly bounded by $C π$ is quasi--normal of order $\le C$. We also discuss the close relations between this result and the well--known work of Brézis and Merle on blow--up solutions of Liouville's equation. These results are completely in the spirit of Gromov's compactness theorem, as pointed out at the end of the paper.
