High-order Photonic Cavity Modes Enabled 3D Structural Color
Hailong Liu, Hongtao Wang, Hao Wang, Jie Deng, Qifeng Ruan, Wang Zhang, Omar A. M. Abdelraouf, Noman Soo Seng Ang, Zhaogang Dong, Joel K. W. Yang, Hong Liu
It remains a challenge to directly print three-dimensional arbitrary shapes that exhibit structural colors at the micrometer scale. Woodpile photonic crystals (WPCs) fabricated via two-photon lithography (TPL) are promising as building blocks to produce 3D geometries that generate structural colors due to their ability to exhibit either omnidirectional or anisotropic photonic stopbands. However, existing approaches have focused on achieving structural colors when illuminating WPCs from the top, which necessitates print resolutions beyond the limit of commercial TPL and/or post-processing techniques. Here, we devised a new strategy to support high-order photonic cavity modes upon side-illumination on WPCs that surprisingly generate large reflectance peaks in the visible spectrum. Based on that, we demonstrate one-step printing of 3D photonic structural colors without requiring post-processing or subwavelength features. Vivid colors with reflectance peaks exhibiting a full width at half maximum of ~25 nm, a maximum reflectance of 50%, gamut of ~85% of sRGB, and large viewing angles, were achieved. In addition, we also demonstrated voxel-level manipulation and control of colors in arbitrary-shaped 3D objects constituted with WPCs as unit cells, which has great potential for applications in dynamic color displays, colorimetric sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and light-matter interaction platforms.
We demonstrate optical coupling between a single tin-vacancy (SnV) center in diamond and a free-standing photonic crystal nanobeam cavity. The cavities are fabricated using quasi-isotropic etching and feature experimentally measured quality factors as high as ~11,000. We investigate the dependence of a single SnV center's emission by controlling the cavity wavelength using a laser-induced gas desorption technique. Under resonance conditions, we observe an intensity enhancement of the SnV emission by a factor of 12 and a 16-fold reduction of the SnV lifetime. Based on the large enhancement of t…
Optomechanical (OM) cavities enable coupling of near-infrared light and GHz-frequency acoustic waves in wavelength-scale volumes. When driven in the phonon lasing regime, an OM cavity can perform simultaneously as a nonlinear mixer and a local oscillator -- at integer multiples of the mechanical resonance frequency -- in the optical domain. In this work, we use this property to demonstrate all-optical frequency down- and up-conversion of MHz-bandwidth orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signals compliant with the IEEE 802.16e WiMAX wireless standard at microwave frequencies. To this end,…
We report a novel approach to the design and implementation of a tunable cavity on an optical nanofiber (ONF). The key point is to create a composite photonic crystal cavity (CPCC), by combining an ONF and a chirped period defect mode grating. Using numerical simulations we design the CPCC with low scattering loss while tuning the cavity resonance wavelength of \pm10 nm around the designed wavelength. We experimentally demonstrate the tunability of the CPCC, showing good agreement with the simulation results. Our results lay the foundation for a versatile platform for ONF cavity-quantum-electr…
Optimized design of a Silica encapsulated photonic crystal nanobeam cavity for integrated Silicon-based nonlinear and quantum photonics
光子谐振器允许将电磁场限制在超小体积中并且具有长的衰减时间，对于许多需要增强非线性效应的应用是至关重要的。对于片上集成光子器件的应用，紧凑性和优化的面内传输也成为相关的品质因数。在这里，我们优化封装的Si/SiO $_2$光子晶体纳米梁腔在电信波长的全局优化程序，其中只有前几个孔周围的腔是不同的，以减少其辐射损耗。该策略允许在具有约$8~μ$ m $^2$的创纪录小覆盖区的结构中实现接近1000万的固有品质因数、子衍射极限模式体积和高于65\%的面内透射。我们的地址和定量评估的主要数字的品质对纳米梁长度和制造混乱的依赖。最后，我们从理论上给出了这种器件的单光子非线性的实际估计，这为低功耗非线性和量子光子学的前瞻性实验提供了希望。
A coherent coupling among different energy photons provided by nonlinear optical interaction is regarded as a photonic version of the Rabi oscillation. Cavity enhancement of the nonlinearity reduces energy requirement significantly and pushes the scalability of the frequency-encoded photonic circuit based on the photonic Rabi oscillation. However, confinement of the photons in the cavity severely limits the number of interactable frequency modes. Here we demonstrate a wide-bandwidth and efficient photonic Rabi oscillation achieving full-cycle oscillation based on a cavity-enhanced nonlinear op…
Cavity-coupled guided resonances with high quality factors in photonic crystal heterostructures
研究了由二维单层光子晶体和两层无源多层光子晶体构成的光子晶体异质结构腔的光学特性。在多层膜的阻带范围内，多层膜的倏逝波激发了夹层结构的导频共振，其品质因数约为10 e ~ 6。所计算的场分布有助于区分所提出的设计的腔缺陷模式和耦合的引导谐振。的共振线的形状解释使用的理论模型。与缺陷模相比，这些谐振模的激射阈值显著降低。这些结果将在设计紧凑型基于PhC的超低阈值激光器和窄带滤波器中找到应用。
Photonic crystal (PhC) cavities are promising candidates for Si photonics integrated circuits due to their ultrahigh quality (Q)-factors and small mode volumes. Here, we demonstrate a novel concept of a one-dimensional hybrid III-V/Si PhC cavity which exploits a combination of standard silicon-on-insulator technology and active III-V materials. Using template-assisted selective epitaxy, the central part of a Si PhC lattice is locally replaced with III-V gain material. The III-V material is placed to overlap with the maximum of the cavity mode field profile, while keeping the major part of the …
Optical frequency comb, with precisely controlled spectral lines spanning a broad range, has been the key enabling technology for many scientific breakthroughs. In addition to the traditional implementation based on modelocked lasers, photonic frequency microcombs based on dissipative Kerr and quadratic cavity solitons in high-Q microresonators have become invaluable in applications requiring compact footprint, low cost, good energy efficiency, large comb spacing, and access to nonconventional spectral regions. In this review, we comprehensively examine the recent progress of photonic frequenc…
Hybrid photonic-plasmonic cavities can be tailored to display high Q-factors and extremely small mode volumes simultaneously, which results in large values of the Purcell factor, FP. Amongst the different hybrid configurations, those based on a nanoparticle-on-a-mirror (NPoM) plasmonic cavity provide one of the lowest mode volumes, though so far their operation has been constrained to wavelengths below 1 μm. Here, we propose a hybrid configuration consisting of a silicon photonic crystal cavity with a slot at its center in which a gold nanoparticle is introduced. This hybrid system operates at…
We first experimentally demonstrated a transverse magnetic (TM) mode laser in a Photonic crystal (PhC) slab structure at room temperature. This study proposes a PhC nanobeam (NB) cavity to support a high-quality-factor (Q-factor) TM mode. For a large and complete photonic bandgap, the PhC NB structures consist of large air holes in a thick dielectric slab. The PhC NB cavity was optimized numerically for a high-Q-factor TM mode of over 1,000,000 by reducing the radii of the air holes quadratically from the center to the edge of the PhC NB. A single TM mode lasing action was observed in an InGaA…
Systems with coupled cavities and waveguides have been demonstrated as optical switches and optical sensors. To optimize the functionalities of these optical devices, Fano resonance with asymmetric and steep spectral line shape has been used. We theoretically propose a coupled photonic crystal cavity-waveguide structure to achieve Fano resonance by placing partially reflecting elements in waveguide. To enhance Fano resonance, optical gain material is introduced into the cavity. As the gain increases, the transmission line shape becomes steepened and the transmissivity can be six times enhanced…
Time-correlated photon pairs are generated by triply-resonant Four-Wave-Mixing in a In$_{0.5}$Ga$_{0.5}$P Photonic Crystal cavitiy. Maximal efficiency is reached by actively compensating the residual spectral misalignment of the cavity modes. The generation rate reaches 5 MHz in cavities with Q-factor $\approx 4\times 10^4$, more than one order of magnitude larger than what is measured using ring resonators with similar Q factors fabricated on the same chip. The Photonic Crystal source is integrated on a Si photonic circuit, an important asset for applications in quantum technologies.
