A coherent coupling among different energy photons provided by nonlinear optical interaction is regarded as a photonic version of the Rabi oscillation. Cavity enhancement of the nonlinearity reduces energy requirement significantly and pushes the scalability of the frequency-encoded photonic circuit based on the photonic Rabi oscillation. However, confinement of the photons in the cavity severely limits the number of interactable frequency modes. Here we demonstrate a wide-bandwidth and efficient photonic Rabi oscillation achieving full-cycle oscillation based on a cavity-enhanced nonlinear optical interaction with a monolithic integration. We also show its versatile manipulation beyond the frequency degree of freedom such as an all-optical control for polarizing photons with geometric phase. Our results will open up full control accessible to synthetic dimensional photonic systems over wide frequency modes as well as a large-scale photonic quantum information processing.
We have numerically obtained theoretical results for the collapse and the revival of the quantum Rabi oscillations for low average number of coherent photons injected on a two-level system in a lossy resonant cavity. We have adopted the multimode Jaynes-Cummings model for the same and especially treated the ``Ohmic" loss to the walls of the cavity, the leakage from the cavity, and the loss due to the spontaneous emission through the open surface of the cavity. We have compared our results with the experimental data obtained by Brune et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1800 (1996)] in this regard.
We report the observation of the vacuum Rabi splitting of a single quantum emitter by measuring its direct spontaneous emission into free space. We used a semiconductor quantum dot inside a photonic crystal nanocavity, in conjunction with an appropriate cavity design and filtering with a polarizer and an aperture, enabling the extraction of the inherently-weak emitter's signal. The emitter's vacuum Rabi spectra exhibit clear differences to those measured by detecting the cavity photon leakage. Moreover, we observed an asymmetric vacuum Rabi spectrum induced by interference between the emitter …
Two-photon Rabi splitting in a cavity-dot system provides a basis for multi-qubit coherent control in quantum photonic network. Here we report on two-photon Rabi splitting in a strongly coupled cavity-dot system. The quantum dot was grown intentionally large in size for large oscillation strength and small biexciton binding energy. Both exciton and biexciton transitions couple to a high quality factor photonic crystal cavity with large coupling strengths over 130 $μ$eV. Furthermore, the small binding energy enables the cavity to simultaneously couple with two exciton states. Thereby two-photon…
When an atom strongly couples to a cavity, it can undergo coherent vacuum Rabi oscillations. Controlling these oscillatory dynamics quickly relative to the vacuum Rabi frequency enables remarkable capabilities such as Fock state generation and deterministic synthesis of quantum states of light, as demonstrated using microwave frequency devices. At optical frequencies, however, dynamical control of single-atom vacuum Rabi oscillations remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate coherent transfer of optical frequency excitation between a single quantum dot and a cavity by controlling vacuum Rabi o…
The time-resolved physical spectrum of luminescence is theoretically studied for a standard cavity quantum electrodynamics system. In contrast to the power spectrum for the steady state, the correlation functions up to the present time are crucial for the construction of the time-resolved spectrum, while the correlations with future quantities are inaccessible because of the causality, i.e., the future quantities cannot be measured until the future comes. We find that this causality plays a key role to understand the time-resolved spectrum, in which the Rabi doublet can never be seen during th…
We report experimental measurements of the transmission spectrum of an optical cavity coupled with cold Rb atoms. We observe the multi-atom vacuum Rabi splitting of a composite cavity and atom system. When a coupling field is applied to the atoms and induces the resonant two-photon Raman transition with the cavity field in a Lamda-type three-level system, we observe a cavity transmission spectrum with two vacuum Rabi sidebands and a central peak representing the intracavity dark state. The central peak linewidth is significantly narrowed by the dark-state resonance and its position is insensit…
The strong interaction of individual quantum emitters with resonant cavities is of fundamental interest for understanding light matter interactions. Plasmonic cavities hold the promise of attaining the strong coupling regime even under ambient conditions and within subdiffraction volumes. Recent experiments revealed strong coupling between individual plasmonic structures and multiple organic molecules, but so far strong coupling at the limit of a single quantum emitter has not been reported. Here we demonstrate vacuum Rabi splitting, a manifestation of strong coupling, using silver bowtie plas…
A novel metal-coated nanocylinder-cavity architecture fully compatible with III-V GaInAs technology and benefiting from a broad spectral range enhancement of the localdensity- of-states is proposed as an integrated source of non-classical light. Due to a judicious selection of the mode volume, the cavity combines good collection efficiency (\gg 45%), large Purcell factors (\gg 15) over a 80-nm spectral range, and a low sensitivity to inevitable spatial mismatches between the single emitter and the cavity mode. This represents a decisive step towards the implementation of reliable solid-state d…
We realize a photonic analog simulator of the quantum Rabi model, based on light transport in femtosecond-laser-written waveguide superlattices, which provides an experimentally accessible testbed to explore the physics of light-matter interaction in the deep strong coupling regime. Our optical setting enables to visualize dynamical regimes not yet accessible in cavity or circuit quantum electrodynamics, such as bouncing of photon number wave packets in parity chains of Hilbert space.
Rabi-like splitting and self-referenced refractive index sensing in hybrid plasmonic-1D photonic crystal structures have been theoretically demonstrated. The coupling between Tamm plasmon and cavity photon modes are tuned by incorporating a low refractive index spacer layer adjacent to the metallic layer to form their hybrid modes. Anticrossing of the modes observed at different values of spacer layer thickness validates the strong coupling between the two modes and causes Rabi-like splitting with different splitting energy. Rabi-like splitting energy decreases with increasing number of period…
We have recently introduced the Vernier-based Direct Frequency Comb Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy technique and we present the corresponding formalism for quantitative broadband spectroscopy. We achieve high sensitivity and broadband performance by acquiring spectra covering more than 2000 cm$^{-1}$ around 12600 cm$^{-1}$ (800 nm), resolving the 3$ν$+$δ$ band of water vapor and the entire A-band of oxygen in ambient air. 31 300 independent spectral elements are acquired at the second time scale with an absorption baseline noise of 2$\times$10$^{-8}$ cm$^{-1}$ providing a merit figure of 1,1.10$…
Slow light in topological valley photonic crystal structures offers new possibilities to enhance light-matter interaction. We report a topological cavity based on slow light topological edge mode for broadband Purcell enhancement. The topological edge modes with large group indices over 100 can be realized with a bearded interface between two topologically distinct valley photonic crystals, featuring the greatly enhanced Purcell factor because of the increased local density of states. In the slow light regime, the topological cavity supports much more cavity modes with higher quality factor th…
Recent years have seen a growing interest in strong coupling between plasmons and excitons, as a way to generate new quantum optical testbeds and influence chemical dynamics and reactivity. Strong coupling to bright plasmonic modes has been achieved even with single quantum emitters. Dark plasmonic modes fare better in some applications due to longer lifetimes, but are difficult to probe as they are subradiant. Here, we apply electron energy loss (EEL) spectroscopy to demonstrate that a dark mode of an individual plasmonic bowtie can interact with a small number of quantum emitters, as evidenc…
Hybrid photonic structures of plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to atomically thin semiconductors have emerged as a versatile platform for strong light-matter interaction, supporting both strong coupling and parametric nonlinearities. However, designing optimized nonlinear hybrid metasurfaces is a complex task, as the multiple parameters' contribution to the nonlinear response is elusive. Here we present a simple yet powerful strategy for maximizing the nonlinear response of the hybrid structures based on evolutionary inverse design of the metasurface's near-field enhancement around the excitonic…
Optical cavities provide high sensitivity to dispersion since their resonance frequencies depend on the index of refraction. We present a direct, broadband, and accurate measurement of the modes of a high finesse cavity using an optical frequency comb and a mechanical Fourier transform spectrometer with a kHz-level resolution. We characterize 16000 cavity modes spanning 16 THz of bandwidth in terms of center frequency, linewidth, and amplitude. We retrieve the group delay dispersion of the cavity mirror coatings and pure N${_2}$ with 0.1 fs${^2}$ precision and 1 fs${^2}$ accuracy, as well as t…
We demonstrate symmetry protected bundle emission in the cavity QED system under the ultrastrong coupling regime. Parity symmetry of Rabi model only permits the super-Rabi oscillations with periodic generation of even photons in cavity, which is realized by the laser driven flip of qubit and the parity conserved transitions induced by Rabi interaction. Combined with dissipation, only 2$n$-photon correlated emissions are allowed, and the corresponding purities are significantly enhanced by the parity symmetry, due to the almost perfect suppression of bundle emissions with odd correlated photons…
Localized cavity resonances due to nanostructures at material surfaces can greatly enhance radiative heat transfer (RHT) between two closely placed bodies owing to stretching of cavity states in momentum space beyond light line. Based on such understanding, we numerically demonstrate the possibility of ultra-broadband super-Planckian RHT between two plates patterned with trapezoidal-shaped hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) arrays. The phenomenon is rooted not only in HMM's high effective index for creating sub-wavelength resonators, but also its extremely anisotropic isofrequency contour. The two …
Broadband ultrafast optical spectroscopy methods, such as transient absorption spectroscopy and 2D spectroscopy, are widely used to study molecular dynamics. However, these techniques are typically restricted to optically thick samples, such as solids and liquid solutions. In this article we discuss a cavity-enhanced ultrafast transient absorption spectrometer covering almost the entire visible range with a detection limit of $Δ$OD $ < 1 \times 10^{-9}$, extending broadband all-optical ultrafast spectroscopy techniques to dilute beams of gas-phase molecules and clusters. We describe the techni…
Noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy (NICE-OFCS) is a recently developed technique that utilizes phase modulation to obtain immunity to frequency-to-amplitude noise conversion by the cavity modes and yields high absorption sensitivity over a broad spectral range. We describe the principles of the technique and discuss possible comb-cavity matching solutions. We present a theoretical description of NICE-OFCS signals detected with a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), and validate the model by comparing it to experimental CO2 spectra around 1575 nm. Our system is ba…
Cavity optomagnonics has emerged as a promising platform for studying coherent photon-spin interactions as well as tunable microwave-to-optical conversion. However, current implementation of cavity optomagnonics in ferrimagnetic crystals remains orders of magnitude larger in volume than state-of-the-art cavity optomechanical devices, resulting in very limited magneto-optical interaction strength. Here, we demonstrate a cavity optomagnonic device based on integrated waveguides and its application for microwave-to-optical conversion. By designing a ferrimagnetic rib waveguide to support multiple…
Frequency conversion of light can be dramatically enhanced using high quality factor ($Q$-factor) cavities. Unfortunately, the achievable conversion efficiencies and conversion bandwidths are fundamentally limited by the time-bandwidth limit of the cavity, restricting their use in frequency conversion of ultrashort pulses. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate sum-frequency generation based frequency conversion using a metasurface-based cavity configuration that could overcome this limitation. The proposed experimental configuration takes use of the spatially dispersive responses of per…
Magnetostrictive optomechanical cavities provide a new optically-readout approach to room temperature magnetometry. Here we report ultrasensitive and ultrahigh bandwidth cavity optomechanical magnetometers constructed by embedding a grain of the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D within a high quality (Q) optical microcavity on a silicon chip. By engineering their physical structure, we achieve a peak sensitivity of 26 pT/Hz^1/2 comparable to the best cryogenic microscale magnetometers, along with a 3~dB bandwidth as high as 11.3 MHz. Two classes of magnetic response are observed, which we p…
Earth-based gravitational-wave detectors will be limited by quantum noise in a large part of their spectrum. The most promising technique to achieve a broadband reduction of such noise is the injection of a frequency dependent squeezed vacuum state from the output port of the detector, whit the squeeze angle rotated by the reflection off a Fabry-Perot filter cavity. One of the most important parameters limiting the squeezing performance is represented by the optical losses of the filter cavity. We report here the operation of a 300 m filter cavity prototype installed at the National Astronomic…
We demonstrate in microwave measurements the broadband enhancement of transmission through an opaque barrier due to mirror symmetry. This enhancement relies on constructive interference between mirror scattering paths resulting from strong internal reflections at the left and right interfaces of a multichannel cavity. We observe a strong sensitivity of the conductance to a shift of the barrier from the center of the cavity. Remarkably, the impact of mirror symmetry can be further increased by tuning the degree of disorder within the cavity. We report an additional enhancement of the conductanc…
Recent technological advancements have allowed to implement in solid-state cavity-based devices phenomena of quantum nature such as vacuum Rabi splitting, controllable single photon emission and quantum entanglement. For a sufficiently strong coupling between a quantum emitter and a cavity, large quality factors ($Q$) along with small modal volume ($V_{eff}$) are essential. Here we show that by applying a 5nm Al coating to the sidewalls of a submicrometer-sized Fabry-Pérot microcavity, the cavity $Q$ can be temperature-tuned from few hundreds at room temperatures to 2$\times$10$^5$ below 30~K.…
We experimentally resolve the dispersion of multiple vibro-polariton modes issued from the strong coupling of different vibrational bands of the methylene group (CH2) in a 2.56$μ$m thick polyethylene film with the confined modes of a mid-infrared Fabry-Perot micro-cavity. We measure a Rabi frequency of 111 cm$^{-1}$ for the stretching doublet around 2950 cm$^{-1}$ and a Rabi frequency of 29 cm$^{-1}$ for the scissoring doublet around 1460 cm$^{-1}$. This simple experimental approach offers the possibility to accurately fit the measured molecular film dielectric function. We show that the polar…
We demonstrate a 1 GHz prismless femtosecond Ti:sapphire ring laser which emits 890 mW for 7.6W of pump power over a continuum extending from 585 to 1200 nm at -20 dB below the maximum. A broadband continuum is obtained without careful mirror dispersion compensation, with the net cavity group-delay-dispersion having -50 to +100 fs2 oscillations from 700 to 900 nm. Further broadening is obtained by use of a slightly convex cavity mirror that increases self-phase modulation. 17% (75%) of the intracavity (output) power is generated in single-pass through the crystal, outside the cavity bandwidth …
A continuously tunable titanium:sapphire (Ti:Sa) laser self-seeded by an extended grating cavity was demonstrated and characterized. By inserting a partially reflecting mirror inside the cavity of a classic single-cavity grating laser, two oscillators are created: a broadband power oscillator, and a narrowband oscillator with a prism beam expander and a diffraction grating in Littrow configuration. By coupling the grating cavity oscillation into the power oscillator, a power-enhanced narrow-linewidth laser oscillation is achieved. Compared to the classic grating laser, this simple modification…
