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arXiv 2108.01277astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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行星Hα发射模型的比较:吸积光度的新关联

Comparison of planetary Hα-emission models: A new correlation with accretion luminosity

Yuhiko Aoyama, Gabriel-Dominique Marleau, Masahiro Ikoma, Christoph Mordasini

摘要:

吸积行星已经通过它们的氢线发射被发现,特别是H $α$。为了解释这一点,H $α$光度$L_\mathrm{Hα}$和吸积光度$L_\mathrm{acc}$或吸积率$\dot{M}$之间的恒星区经验相关性被外推到行星质量,但没有得到验证。我们提出了一个理论上的$L_\mathrm{acc}$ - $L_\mathrm{Hα}$关系适用于在行星表面的冲击。我们考虑广泛的吸积率和质量,并使用详细的光谱分辨,非平衡模型的冲击后冷却。新的关系给出了一个明显更高的$L_\mathrm{acc}$为一个给定的$L_\mathrm{Hα}$比适合年轻的恒星物体,因为Ly- $α$,这是不可观测的,携带了大部分的$L_\mathrm{acc}$。具体来说,$L_\mathrm{Hα}$测量需要比先前预测高10到100倍的$L_\mathrm{acc}$和$\dot{M}$,这可以解释行星H $α$探测的罕见性。我们还比较了来自行星表面激波或由吸积漏斗发射暗示的$\dot{M}$ - $L_\mathrm{Hα}$关系。两者都可以同时对观测到的H $α$信号作出贡献,但在低(高)$\dot{M}$时,行星表面激波(加热漏斗)占主导地位。只有激波产生高斯线翼。最后,我们讨论吸积的背景下,不同的排放情况可能适用,把最近的文献模型的角度来看,也提出了$L_\mathrm{acc}$- $L_\mathrm{line}$关系的其他几个氢线。

英文摘要:

Accreting planets have been detected through their hydrogen-line emission, specifically H$α$. To interpret this, stellar-regime empirical correlations between the H$α$ luminosity $L_\mathrm{Hα}$ and the accretion luminosity $L_\mathrm{acc}$ or accretion rate $\dot{M}$ have been extrapolated to planetary masses, however without validation. We present a theoretical $L_\mathrm{acc}$--$L_\mathrm{Hα}$ relationship applicable to a shock at the surface of a planet. We consider wide ranges of accretion rates and masses and use detailed spectrally-resolved, non-equilibrium models of the postshock cooling. The new relationship gives a markedly higher $L_\mathrm{acc}$ for a given $L_\mathrm{Hα}$ than fits to young stellar objects, because Ly-$α$, which is not observable, carries a large fraction of $L_\mathrm{acc}$. Specifically, an $L_\mathrm{Hα}$ measurement needs ten to 100 times higher $L_\mathrm{acc}$ and $\dot{M}$ than previously predicted, which may explain the rarity of planetary H$α$ detections. We also compare the $\dot{M}$--$L_\mathrm{Hα}$ relationships coming from the planet-surface shock or implied by accretion-funnel emission. Both can contribute simultaneously to an observed H$α$ signal but at low (high) $\dot{M}$ the planetary-surface shock (heated funnel) dominates. Only the shock produces Gaussian line wings. Finally, we discuss accretion contexts in which different emission scenarios may apply, putting recent literature models in perspective, and also present $L_\mathrm{acc}$--$L_\mathrm{line}$ relationships for several other hydrogen lines.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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