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arXiv 2201.07453astro-ph.EP
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行星吸积激波的真实状态方程

Planetary Accretion Shocks with a Realistic Equation of State

Zhuo Chen, Xue-Ning Bai

摘要:

气态巨行星形成的最后阶段包括从母原行星盘吸积气体。一般来说,下落的气体可能接近自由落体速度,产生吸积激波,导致强烈的激波加热和辐射。我们研究的运动学和能量的吸积冲击使用一维辐射流体动力学模拟。我们的模拟功能的第一个自洽处理氢的解离和电离,辐射传输,和现实的灰色不透明度。通过探索大范围的巨行星质量(0.1 - 3 M $_{J}$)和吸积率($10^{-3}$-$10^{-2}$ M $_{\oplus}\cdot\rm{yr}^{-1}$),我们专注于全球激波效率和最终的吸积气体的熵。我们发现,当吸积激波的光度超过一个临界光度时,吸积激波的辐射可以使入射气体中的氢分子完全解离。同时,激波后熵一般分为"冷"($<12k_{\rm{B}}/m_{\rm H}$)和"热"($>16k_{\rm{B}}/m_{\rm H}$)两组,这取决于$\rm{H}_2$解离吸热过程的程度。虽然需要2D或3D模拟来更真实地理解吸积过程,但这种区别可能会延续并揭示年轻直接成像行星的解释。

英文摘要:

The final stage of gas giant formation involves accreting gas from the parent protoplanetary disk. In general, the infalling gas likely approaches a free-fall velocity, creating an accretion shock, leading to strong shock heating and radiation. We investigate the kinematics and energetics of such accretion shocks using 1D radiation hydrodynamic simulations. Our simulations feature the first self-consistent treatment of hydrogen dissociation and ionization, radiation transport, and realistic grey opacity. By exploring a broad range of giant planet masses (0.1-3 M$_{J}$) and accretion rates ($10^{-3}$-$10^{-2}$M$_{\oplus}\cdot\rm{yr}^{-1}$), we focus on global shock efficiency and the final entropy of the accreted gas. We find that radiation from the accretion shock can fully disassociate the molecular hydrogen of the incoming gas when the shock luminosity is above a critical luminosity. Meanwhile, the post-shock entropy generally fall into "cold" ($<12k_{\rm{B}}/m_{\rm H}$) and "hot" ($>16k_{\rm{B}}/m_{\rm H}$) groups which depends on the extent of the endothermic process of $\rm{H}_2$ dissociation. While 2D or 3D simulations are needed for more realistic understandings of the accretion process, this distinction likely carries over and sheds light on the interpretation of young direct imaging planets.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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