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arXiv 2302.01433astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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原行星盘中湍流的经验约束

Empirical constraints on turbulence in proto-planetary discs

Giovanni P. Rosotti

AI总结:

本综述总结了ALMA等设施观测原行星盘湍流的技术与发现,指出盘内湍流弱于预期但确实存在,其是否足以驱动吸积或由MHD风驱动仍是未解之谜。

摘要:

原行星盘是行星的诞生环境,是天体物理学中常见结构——吸积盘的一个实例。确定导致吸积的机制是一个存在数十年的长期问题。普遍观点认为吸积是湍流的结果,并提出了几种不稳定性作为其起源。虽然传统上该领域曾是纯理论探索,但如今格局正在改变,这主要归功于ALMA射电干涉仪等新观测设施。得益于空间和光谱分辨率及灵敏度的显著提升(这使得研究盘的子结构、运动学以及对大量盘群体进行巡天成为可能),人们设计了多种技术来观测测量盘中湍流的含量。本综述总结了这些技术,从直接探测谱线展宽来发现湍流的尝试,到依赖尘埃性质或考虑大样本全局盘特性(如质量、半径和吸积率)演化的间接方法,以及它们的研究发现。多项证据表明,盘实际上并不像十年前认为的那样湍流剧烈。另一方面,某些盘中湍流的直接探测、尘埃子结构有限的径向范围以及某些情况下有限的垂直范围,强烈表明原行星盘中必定存在一定程度的湍流。这种湍流含量是否足以驱动吸积,还是由MHD风等其他机制驱动,仍是一个悬而未决的问题。

英文摘要:

Proto-planetary discs, the birth environment of planets, are an example of a structure commonly found in astrophysics, accretion discs. Identifying the mechanism responsible for accretion is a long-standing problem, dating back several decades. The common picture is that accretion is a consequence of turbulence, with several instabilities proposed for its origin. While traditionally this field used to be a purely theoretical endeavour, the landscape is now changing thanks mainly to new observational facilities such as the ALMA radio interferometer. Thanks to large improvements in spatial and spectral resolution and sensitivity (which have enabled the study of disc substructure, kinematics and surveys of large disc populations), multiple techniques have been devised to observationally measure the amount of turbulence in discs. This review summarises these techniques, ranging from attempts at direct detection of turbulence from line broadening, to more indirect approaches that rely on properties of the dust or consider the evolution of global disc properties (such as masses, radii and accretion rates) for large samples, and what their findings are. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that discs are in fact not as turbulent as thought one decade ago. On the other hand, direct detection of turbulence in some discs and the finite radial extent of dust substructures and in some cases the finite vertical extent strongly indicate that turbulence must be present at some level in proto-planetary discs. It is still an open question whether this amount of turbulence is enough to power accretion or if this is instead driven by other mechanisms, such as MHD winds.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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