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arXiv 2106.01558astro-ph.EP
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原行星在行星引力扰动下通过小天体吸积的生长

The Growth of Protoplanets via the Accretion of Small Bodies in Disks Perturbed by the Planetary Gravity

Tatsuya Okamura, Hiroshi Kobayashi

摘要:

行星通过小天体在原行星盘中的碰撞吸积而成长。这些小天体受到强烈的气体阻力,它们的轨道受到行星周围气体流动和大气结构的显著影响。利用三维流体动力学模拟方法研究了受行星引力扰动的原行星盘中的气体流动。然后,我们计算粒子的轨道演化的气体结构从流体动力学模拟。根据轨道计算,我们获得了行星与厘米到公里大小的粒子之间的碰撞率。我们的研究结果表明,由于大气气体阻力,米级或更大的颗粒有效地与行星碰撞,这显着提高了碰撞率。另一方面,气流对于较小的颗粒起着重要的作用。最后,考虑到大气和气流的影响,推导出了新的碰撞率解析公式,与模拟结果吻合较好。我们估计的增长时间尺度和吸积效率的漂移体形成的气体巨固体核心使用的公式。我们发现在最小质量太阳星云模型中,亚千米级天体的吸积在5 au时达到了短的增长时间尺度(~0.005百万年)和高的吸积效率(~1)。

英文摘要:

Planets grow via the collisional accretion of small bodies in a protoplanetary disk. Such small bodies feel strong gas drag and their orbits are significantly affected by the gas flow and atmospheric structure around the planet. We investigate the gas flow in the protoplanetary disk perturbed by the gravity of the planet by three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation. We then calculate the orbital evolutions of particles in the gas structure obtained from the hydrodynamic simulation. Based on the orbital calculations, we obtain the collision rate between the planet and centimeter to kilometer sized particles. Our results show that meter-sized or larger particles effectively collide with the planet due to the atmospheric gas drag, which significantly enhances the collision rate. On the other hand, the gas flow plays an important role for smaller particles. Finally, considering the effects of the atmosphere and gas flow, we derive the new analytic formula for the collision rate, which is in good agreement with our simulations. We estimate the growth timescale and accretion efficiency of drifting bodies for the formation of a gas-giant solid core using the formula. We find the accretion of sub-kilometer sized bodies achieve a short growth timescale (~0.005 Myr) and a high accretion efficiency (~1) for the core formation at 5 au in the minimum mass solar nebula model.

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