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arXiv 1902.00367astro-ph.EP
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碳质岩石中水的吸积:目前的证据和早期地球水输送的影响

Accretion of water in carbonaceous chondrites: current evidence and implications for the delivery of water to early Earth

Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez, Albert Rimola, Safoura Tanbakouei, Victoria Cabedo, Martin Lee

摘要:

原行星盘是年轻恒星周围富含尘埃的结构。这些圆盘中所含的结晶和非晶物质经过光热处理和吸积,形成了各种大小和成分的天体,这取决于形成时的日心距离。南极陨石是相对较小和未分化的天体的碎片,它们所含的矿物质带有化学特征,提供了有关星子形成的早期环境的信息。目前争论的一个热门话题是向类地行星输送挥发物,理解它们是由在比原始碳质行星体更还原的条件下形成的星子建造的。在这篇综述中,我们描述了冰和水合矿物在外原行星盘中吸积的重要证据。在那个遥远的区域,形成了高度多孔和脆弱的富含碳和水的过渡性小行星,它们是碳质陨石(CC)的母体。CC是未分化的陨石,从未熔化,但经历了其他物理过程,包括热和水蚀变。最近的证据表明,其中很少有逃脱重大的改变,保留独特的功能,可以解释为证据的湿增生。文中还列举了碳质球粒陨石母体水蚀变的一些实例。最后,原子论解释的第一步,导致水介导的变更过程中的吸积的CC提供和讨论。从这些对CC中保留的水的新见解中,我们可以破译挥发物向类地行星输送的途径。

英文摘要:

Protoplanetary disks are dust-rich structures around young stars. The crystalline and amorphous materials contained within these disks are variably thermally processed and accreted to make bodies of a wide range of sizes and compositions, depending on the heliocentric distance of formation. The chondritic meteorites are fragments of relatively small and undifferentiated bodies, and the minerals that they contain carry chemical signatures providing information about the early environment available for planetesimal formation. A current hot topic of debate is the delivery of volatiles to terrestrial planets, understanding that they were built from planetesimals formed under far more reducing conditions than the primordial carbonaceous chondritic bodies. In this review, we describe significant evidence for the accretion of ices and hydrated minerals in the outer protoplanetary disk. In that distant region highly porous and fragile carbon and water-rich transitional asteroids formed, being the parent bodies of the carbonaceous chondrites (CCs). CCs are undifferentiated meteorites that never melted but experienced other physical processes including thermal and aqueous alteration. Recent evidence indicates that few of them have escaped significant alteration, retaining unique features that can be interpreted as evidence of wet accretion. Some examples of carbonaceous chondrite parent body aqueous alteration will be presented. Finally, atomistic interpretations of the first steps leading to water-mediated alteration during the accretion of CCs are provided and discussed. From these new insights into the water retained in CCs we can decipher the pathways of delivery of volatiles to the terrestrial planets.

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