巨砾大小物体的径向漂移和同时烧蚀
Radial Drift and Concurrent Ablation of Boulder-Sized Objects
摘要：
上下文一个特定位置的原行星盘的组成不仅取决于温度和压力，还取决于物质随时间的迁移，例如固体的径向漂移，这可能会在解体或吸积到一个更大的物体上之前释放出水和其他挥发性物质，这对行星的组成可能有相当大的影响。目标。我们进行了参数研究，重点是不同大小的机构能够跨越水雪线的气体引起的径向漂移的水枯竭。方法.无论是分析赫兹-努森-朗缪尔升华公式，假设体内的平衡温度或更多的参与，数值模型的内部热演化与α-磁盘模型相结合。不同的属性的磁盘和嵌入体进行了探讨。结果半径在100米以内的天体比水雪线更快地向中心恒星漂移，因此会穿过雪线。在完全解体之前可以到达的区域--因此被水冰污染--比雪线位置更靠近恒星10%。如果存在尘埃地幔，这个污染区域的范围可能会扩大数倍，但是，由于与小于厘米大小的物体的频繁碰撞，尘埃地幔不太可能形成。结论.考虑到原行星盘中大量的米级巨石，这些天体通过径向漂移向比雪线更靠近恒星的区域输送水的作用不容忽视，并且可以针对给定的分布来估计挥发物的通量。固体大小和组成。表面升华的一个简单表达式适用于只有尘埃和水冰而没有尘埃幔的均匀物体。
英文摘要：
Context. The composition of a protoplanetary disk at a given location does not only depend on temperature and pressure but also on the time dependent transport of matter, such as radial drift of solid bodies, which could release water and other volatile species before disintegration or accretion onto a larger body with potentially considerable implications for the composition of planets. Aims. We perform a parameter study focused on the water depletion of different sized bodies able to cross the water snowline by gas induced radial drift. Methods. Either the analytical Hertz-Knudsen-Langmuir sublimation formula assuming equilibrium temperature within the body or a more involved, numerical model for the internal thermal evolution is coupled with an alpha-disk model. Different properties of the disk and the embedded body are explored. Results. Bodies with radii up to 100 meter drift faster towards the central star than the water snowline, hence, cross it. The region that can be reached before complete disintegration - and is therefore polluted with H2O ice - extends to 10 percent closer to the star than the snowline location. The extent of this polluted region could be multiple times larger in the presence of a dust mantle, which is, however, unlikely to form due to frequent collisions with smaller-than centimeter sized objects. Conclusions. Given a significant abundance of meter sized boulders in protoplanetary disks, the transport of water by radial drift of these bodies towards regions closer to the star than the snowline is not negligible and this flux of volatiles can be estimated for a given distribution of solid body sizes and compositions. A simple expression for surface sublimation is applicable for a homogeneous body consisting of only dust and water ice without a dust mantle.
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