This paper presents the use of element-based algebraic multigrid (AMGe) hierarchies, implemented in the ParELAG (Parallel Element Agglomeration Algebraic Multigrid Upscaling and Solvers) library, to produce multilevel preconditioners and solvers for H(curl) and H(div) formulations. ParELAG constructs hierarchies of compatible nested spaces, forming an exact de Rham sequence on each level. This allows the application of hybrid smoothers on all levels and AMS (Auxiliary-space Maxwell Solver) or ADS (Auxiliary-space Divergence Solver) on the coarsest levels, obtaining complete multigrid cycles. Numerical results are presented, showing the parallel performance of the proposed methods. As a part of the exposition, this paper demonstrates some of the capabilities of ParELAG and outlines some of the components and procedures within the library.
Simple finite element schemes for the solution of the curl-div system
Università di Trento（特伦托大学）；Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Trento（特伦托大学数学系）；Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Trento（特伦托大学工业工程系）
Divergence-free (div-free) and curl-free vector fields are pervasive in many areas of science and engineering, from fluid dynamics to electromagnetism. A common problem that arises in applications is that of constructing smooth approximants to these vector fields and/or their potentials based only on discrete samples. Additionally, it is often necessary that the vector approximants preserve the div-free or curl-free properties of the field to maintain certain physical constraints. Div/curl-free radial basis functions (RBFs) are a particularly good choice for this application as they are meshfr…
We present a local construction of H(curl)-conforming piecewise polynomials satisfying a prescribed curl constraint. We start from a piecewise polynomial not contained in the H(curl) space but satisfying a suitable orthogonality property. The procedure employs minimizations in vertex patches and the outcome is, up to a generic constant independent of the underlying polynomial degree, as accurate as the best-approximations over the entire local versions of H(curl). This allows to design guaranteed, fully computable, constant-free, and polynomial-degree-robust a posteriori error estimates of Pra…
This paper presents a numerical method for div-curl systems with normal boundary conditions by using a finite element technique known as primal-dual weak Galerkin (PDWG). The PDWG finite element scheme for the div-curl system has two prominent features in that it offers not only an accurate and reliable numerical solution to the div-curl system under the low $H^α$-regularity ($α>0$) assumption for the true solution, but also an effective approximation of normal harmonic vector fields regardless the topology of the domain. Results of seven numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the …
We estimate best-approximation errors using vector-valued finite elements for fields with low regularity in the scale of fractional-order Sobolev spaces. By assuming additionally that the target field has a curl or divergence property, we establish upper bounds on these errors that can be localized to the mesh cells. These bounds are derived using the quasi-interpolation errors with or without boundary prescription derived in [A. Ern and J.-L. Guermond, ESAIM Math. Model. Numer. Anal., 51 (2017), pp.~1367--1385]. By using the face-to-cell lifting operators analyzed in [A. Ern and J.-L. Guermon…
We investigate discretization of $H(\mathrm{curl})$ and $H(\mathrm{div})$ in two and three space dimensions by partially discontinuous nodal finite elements, i.e., vector-valued Lagrange finite elements with discontinuity in certain directions. These spaces can be implemented as a combination of continuous and discontinuous Lagrange elements and fit in de~Rham complexes. We construct well-conditioned nodal bases.
This paper presents a new $L^p$-primal-dual weak Galerkin (PDWG) finite element method for the div-curl system with the normal boundary condition for $p>1$. Two crucial features for the proposed $L^p$-PDWG finite element scheme are as follows: (1) it offers an accurate and reliable numerical solution to the div-curl system under the low $W^{α, p}$-regularity ($α>0$) assumption for the exact solution; (2) it offers an effective approximation of the normal harmonic vector fields on domains with complex topology. An optimal order error estimate is established in the $L^q$-norm for the primal vari…
This paper presents a study of large linear systems resulting from the regular $B$-splines finite element discretization of the $\bm{curl}-\bm{curl}$ and $\bm{grad}-div$ elliptic problems on unit square/cube domains. We consider systems subject to both homogeneous essential and natural boundary conditions. Our objective is to develop a preconditioning strategy that is optimal and robust, based on the Auxiliary Space Preconditioning method proposed by Hiptmair et al. \cite{hiptmair2007nodal}. Our approach is demonstrated to be robust with respect to mesh size, and we also show how it can be com…
Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Milano（米兰大学数学系）；IMATI del CNR（意大利国家研究委员会应用数学研究所）；IUSS（高等研究大学）；Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Pavia（帕维亚大学数学系）；Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni, Università di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学数学与应用科学系）
This paper is devoted to the construction and analysis of the finite element approximations for the $H(D)$ convection-diffusion problems, where $D$ can be chosen as ${\rm grad}$, ${\rm curl}$ or ${\rm div}$ in 3D case. An essential feature of these constructions is to properly average the PDE coefficients on the sub-simplexes. The schemes are of the class of exponential fitting methods that result in special upwind schemes when the diffusion coefficient approaches to zero. Their well-posedness are established for sufficiently small mesh size assuming that the convection-diffusion problems are …
We are interested in the numerical reconstruction of a vector field with prescribed divergence and curl in a general domain of R 3 or R 2 , not necessarily contractible. To this aim, we introduce some basic concepts of finite element exterieur calculus and rely heavily on recent results of P. Leopardi and A. Stern. The goal of the paper is to take advantage of the links between usual vector calculus and exterior calculus and show the interest of the exterior calculus framework, without too much prior knowledge of the subject. We start by describing the method used for contractible domains and …
We give some theoretical as well as computational results on Laplace and Maxwell constants. Besides the classical de Rham complex we investigate the complex of elasticity and the complex related to the biharmonic equation and general relativity as well using the general functional analytical concept of Hilbert complexes. We consider mixed boundary conditions and bounded Lipschitz domains of arbitrary topology. Our numerical aspects are presented by examples for the de Rham complex in 2D and 3D which not only confirm our theoretical findings but also indicate some interesting conjectures.
We introduce two a posteriori error estimators for Nédélec finite element discretizations of the curl-curl problem. These estimators pertain to a new Prager-Synge identity and an associated equilibration procedure. They are reliable and efficient, and the error estimates are polynomial-degree-robust. In addition, when the domain is convex, the reliability constants are fully computable. The proposed error estimators are also cheap and easy to implement, as they are computed by solving divergence-constrained minimization problems over edge patches. Numerical examples highlight our key findings,…
FOSLS-deRhaNN: native de Rham neural classes for H(div) and H(curl) with applications to first-order system least-squares neural network methods for partial differential equations
A simple and general framework for the construction of exactly div-curl-grad compatible discontinuous Galerkin finite element schemes on unstructured simplex meshes
Isogeometric analysis for 2D and 3D curl-div problems: Spectral symbols and fast iterative solvers
Max-Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik（马克斯·普朗克等离子体物理研究所）；University of Rome “Tor Vergata”（罗马托维加塔大学）；Technische Universität München（慕尼黑工业大学）；University of Insubria（因苏布里亚大学）；Uppsala University（乌普萨拉大学）
This paper constructs two conforming finite element grad grad and elasticity complexes on the cuboid meshes. For the finite element grad grad complex, an $H^2$ conforming finite element space, an $\boldsymbol{H}(\operatorname{curl}; \mathbb{S})$ conforming finite element space, an $\boldsymbol{H}(\operatorname{div}; \mathbb{T})$ conforming finite element space and an $\boldsymbol{L}^2$ finite element space are constructed. Further, a finite element complex with reduced regularity is also constructed, whose degrees of freedom for the three diagonal components are coupled. For the finite element…
Maxwell interface problems are of great importance in many electromagnetic applications. Unfitted mesh methods are especially attractive in 3D computation as they can circumvent generating complex 3D interface-fitted meshes. However, many unfitted mesh methods rely on non-conforming approximation spaces, which may cause a loss of accuracy for solving Maxwell equations, and the widely-used penalty techniques in the literature may not help in recovering the optimal convergence. In this article, we provide a remedy by developing Nédélec-type immersed finite element spaces with a Petrov-Galerkin s…
On the reference tetrahedron $\widehat K$, we define three projection-based interpolation operators on $H^2(\widehat K)$, ${\mathbf H}^1(\widehat K,\operatorname{\mathbf{curl}})$, and ${\mathbf H}^1(\widehat K,\operatorname{div})$. These operators are projections onto space of polynomials, they have the commuting diagram property and feature the optimal convergence rate as the polynomial degree increases in $H^{1-s}(\widehat K)$, ${\mathbf H}^{-s}(\widehat K,\operatorname{\mathbf{curl}})$, ${\mathbf H}^{-s}(\widehat K,\operatorname{div})$ for $0 \leq s \leq 1$.
We introduce a new discretization for the stream function formulation of the incompressible Stokes equations in two and three space dimensions. The method is strongly related to the Hellan-Herrmann-Johnson method and is based on the recently discovered mass conserving mixed stress formulation [J. Gopalakrishnan, P.L. Lederer, J. Schöberl, IMA Journal of numerical Analysis, 2019] that approximates the velocity in an $H(\operatorname{div})$-conforming space and introduces a new stress-like variable for the approximation of the gradient of the velocity within the function space $H(\operatorname{c…
In this paper, we study least-squares finite element methods (LSFEM) for general second-order elliptic equations with nonconforming finite element approximations. The equation may be indefinite. For the two-field potential-flux div LSFEM with Crouzeix-Raviart (CR) element approximation, we present three proofs of the discrete solvability under the condition that mesh size is small enough. One of the proof is based on the coerciveness of the original bilinear form. The other two are based on the minimal assumption of the uniqueness of the solution of the second-order elliptic equation. A counte…
Decoupled Divergence-Free Neural Networks Basis Method for Incompressible Fluid Problems
Banma Network Technology Co., Ltd.（斑马网络技术有限公司）；School of Mathematical Sciences and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学数学科学学院与教育部计算数学重点实验室）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, Yunnan University（云南大学数学与统计学院）；Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院计算数学与科学工程计算研究所）
