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arXiv 2106.06322hep-th
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含时电场中的真空不稳定性。精确可解情形的新例

Vacuum instability in time-dependent electric fields. New example of exactly solvable case

A. I. Breev, S. P. Gavrilov, D. M. Gitman, A. A. Shishmarev

摘要:

提出了一种新的强场量子电动力学中含时电场的精确可解情形。相应的场由解析函数给出,该解析函数相对于其达到最大值的时刻是不对称的(与类索特电场相反),这就是为什么我们称之为解析不对称电场。我们成功地精确求解了具有这种场的狄拉克方程,这使得非微扰地计算相应的真空不稳定性特性成为可能。我们构造所谓的内解和外解,并在它们的帮助下计算所产生的带电粒子的平均微分和总数、真空保持真空的概率、电流密度的真空平均值和粒子的能量动量张量。我们研究了快速和缓慢变化的解析非对称电场区域的真空不稳定性,并将所得结果与以前对称类索特电场的相应结果进行了比较。我们还比较了精确的结果在制度的缓变场与相应的结果内的缓变场近似最近提出的两个作者,从而证明了这种近似的有效性。

英文摘要:

A new exactly solvable case in strong-field quantum electrodynamics with a time-dependent external electric field is presented. The corresponding field is given by an analytic function, which is asymmetric (in contrast to Sauter-like electric field) with respect to the time instant, where it reaches its maximum value, that is why we call it the analytic asymmetric electric field. We managed to exactly solve the Dirac equation with such a field, which made it possible to calculate characteristics of the corresponding vacuum instability nonperturbatively. We construct the so-called in- and out-solutions and with their help calculate mean differential and total numbers of created charged particles, probability of the vacuum to remain a vacuum, vacuum mean values of current density and energy-momentum tensor of the particles. We study the vacuum instability in regimes of rapidly and slowly changing analytic asymmetric electric field, and compare the obtained results with corresponding ones obtained earlier for the case of the symmetric Sauter-like electric field. We also compare exact results in the regime of slowly changing field with corresponding results obtained within the slowly varying field approximation recently proposed by two of the authors, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of such an approximation.

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