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arXiv 2105.06930physics.ins-dethep-ex
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KATRIN实验中氚和氘气中电子能量损失函数的精确测量

Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

M. Aker, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, M. Böttcher, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, R. M. D… 展开作者

M. Aker, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, M. Böttcher, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, R. M. D. Carney, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, A. El Miniawy, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Groh, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, L. La Cascio, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, T. L. Le, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, M. Meier, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Müller, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, P. C. -O. Ranitzsch, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schäfer, A. Schaller, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, C. Schwachtgen, M. Šefčík, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, W. Xu, Y. -R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, G. Zeller

摘要:

KATRIN实验的目的是通过高精度测量氚$β$ -衰变终点区域,直接和独立于模型地确定有效电子反中微子质量,对$m_ν$的灵敏度为0.2 $\,$ eV/c $^2$(90% CL)。为此目的,从一个高亮度无窗气态氚源穿过静电减速光谱仪的$β$ -电子进行计数,以获得一个积分光谱周围的端点能量为18.6 $\,$ keV。实验装置的响应的一个主要系统效应是$β$ -电子从源内的氚分子的弹性和非弹性散射的能量损失。我们确定了\linebreak能量损失函数原位与脉冲角选择性和单能光电子源在不同的氚源密度。数据记录在积分和微分模式,后者是通过使用一种新的飞行时间技术。我们开发了一个半经验参数化的能量损失函数的散射18.6 keV电子从氢同位素。该模型适用于在30 $\,$ K下使用95% T $_2$气体混合物的测量数据,如在第一次KATRIN中微子质量分析中使用的,以及在KATRIN调试运行中使用的纯度为96%的D $_2$气体混合物。能量损失函数的精确度使KATRIN中微子质量测量中的$σ(m_ν^2)<10^{-2}\,\mathrm{eV}^2$ [arXiv:2101.05253]的相应不确定性降低到次优势水平。

英文摘要:

The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $β$-decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $m_ν$ of 0.2$\,$eV/c$^2$ (90% CL). For this purpose, the $β$-electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6$\,$keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $β$-electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the \linebreak energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% T$_2$ gas mixture at 30$\,$K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino mass analyses, as well as a D$_2$ gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $σ(m_ν^2)<10^{-2}\,\mathrm{eV}^2$ [arXiv:2101.05253] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level.

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