用于KATRIN实验的精密高压分压器
Precision high voltage divider for the KATRIN experiment
摘要：
卡尔斯鲁厄氚中微子实验（KATRIN）旨在通过精确测量终点附近18.6 keV的氚β谱来确定电子反中微子的绝对质量，灵敏度为0.2 eV。KATRIN使用MAC-E滤波器型静电延迟光谱仪，这对监测高达35 kV的高压至关重要，其精度和长期稳定性在ppm水平。由于能够达到这种精度的设备尚未上市，因此根据德国联邦物理技术局（PTB）开发的用于高达100 kV直流电压的标准分压器的新概念，设计了一种用于高达35 kV直流电压的新型高压分压器。分压器的电气和机械设计，筛选程序的选择精密电阻器，并在PTB的调查和校准的结果报告在这里。在后者，在低ppm水平的不确定度已推导出新的分频器，从而使其有资格的KATRIN实验的精度测量。
英文摘要：
The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the absolute mass of the electron antineutrino from a precise measurement of the tritium beta-spectrum near its endpoint at 18.6 keV with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV. KATRIN uses an electrostatic retardation spectrometer of MAC-E filter type for which it is crucial to monitor high voltages of up to 35 kV with a precision and long-term stability at the ppm level. Since devices capable of this precision are not commercially available, a new high voltage divider for direct voltages of up to 35 kV has been designed, following the new concept of the standard divider for direct voltages of up to 100 kV developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The electrical and mechanical design of the divider, the screening procedure for the selection of the precision resistors, and the results of the investigation and calibration at PTB are reported here. During the latter, uncertainties at the low ppm level have been deduced for the new divider, thus qualifying it for the precision measurements of the KATRIN experiment.
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