绝对约翰逊噪声温度计
An absolute Johnson noise thermometer
摘要：
我们研制了一种绝对约翰逊噪声温度计（JNT），它是一种测量敏感电阻热力学温度的仪器，具有电压、电阻和频率的可追溯性。温度以能量单位测量，并且可以用玻耳兹曼常量kb的可接受值转换为SI单位（开尔文）;或者，相反地，它可以用于在水的三相点处进行测量，并且获得kb的测定。该温度计由一个相关频谱分析仪和一个校准的噪声源组成，两者都围绕商业混合信号板构建。校准器通过数字合成和电感分压器的幅度缩放产生伪随机噪声;信号频谱是覆盖测量带宽的频率梳。JNT在室温下的测量结果与标准铂电阻温度计的测量结果在60 ppm的综合不确定度范围内是一致的。还勾画了未来改进JNT精度的路径。
英文摘要：
We developed an absolute Johnson noise thermometer (JNT), an instrument to measure the thermodynamic temperature of a sensing resistor, with traceability to voltage, resistance and frequency quantities. The temperature is measured in energy units, and can be converted to SI units (kelvin) with the accepted value of the Boltzmann constant kb; or, conversely, it can be employed to perform measurements at the triple point of water, and obtain a determination of kb. The thermometer is composed of a correlation spectrum analyzer an a calibrated noise source, both constructed around commercial mixed-signal boards. The calibrator generates a pseudorandom noise, by digital synthesis and amplitude scaling with inductive voltage dividers; the signal spectrum is a frequency comb covering the measurement bandwidth. JNT measurements at room temperature are compatible with those of a standard platinum resistance thermometer within the combined uncertainty of 60 ppm. A path towards future improvements of JNT accuracy is also sketched.
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