卡尔斯鲁厄氚中微子实验KATRIN将允许对中微子质量尺度进行独立于模型的测量，预期灵敏度为0.2 eV/c^{2}（90% C. L.）因此，直接测量电子反中微子的质量将有助于澄清中微子在早期宇宙中的作用。KATRIN使用前所未有的能量分辨率为0.93 eV的高分辨率静电滤波器，对接近18.6 keV运动学终点的氚β衰变的电子光谱进行了光谱学研究。KATRIN将在KIT园区北部的卡尔斯鲁厄氚实验室建造。对于这种精确的质量测定，一个关键参数是来源在β活性和同位素纯度方面的稳定性。为此目的，KATRIN使用了一种几乎纯分子氚（95%）的强无窗气态氚源，其通量为每天40克氚，稳定在0.1%的水平。衰变电子通过超导磁体从放射源被引导到谱仪，而同时到谱仪的氚流率必须减少> 1 E14的因子。为了达到KATRIN的目标灵敏度，需要高能量分辨率以及高统计和低背景。串联光谱仪系统用于能量分析。输送部分由差动泵送系统（DPS 2-F）和低温泵送部分（CPS）组成。在DPS 2-F中，氚流将通过差分泵浦减少，而在CPS中，氚将被吸附在KATRIN束管内制备的预冷凝氩层上。为了确保源在0.1%水平上的所需稳定性，需要在源中注入稳定的氚。这是由封闭的氚循环完成的。注入气体的纯度和成分将通过激光拉曼光谱进行监测。
英文摘要：
The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN will allow a model independent measurement of the neutrino mass scale with an expected sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c^{2} (90% C.L.) and so will help to clarify the role of neutrinos in the early universe is the direct measurement of the mass of the electron anti-neutrino. KATRIN investigates spectroscopically the electron spectrum from tritium beta- decay close to the kinematic endpoint of 18.6 keV with a high resolution electro-static filter of unprecedented energy resolution of 0.93 eV. KATRIN will be built at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe on site of the KIT Campus North. For such a precise mass-determination a key parameter is the stability of the source in terms of beta-activity und isotopic purity. For that purpose KATRIN uses a strong windowless gaseous tritium source of almost pure molecular tritium (95%) with a throughput of 40 g tritium per day stabilized on 0.1% level. The decay electrons are guided adiabatically from the source to the spectrometer by means of superconducting magnets while at the same time the tritium flow rate to the spectrometers has to be reduced by a factor > 1E14. To reach the sensitivity KATRIN is aiming for, an high energy resolution as well as high statistics and low background are needed. A tandem spectrometer system is used for energy analysis. The transport section consists of a differential pumping system (DPS2-F) and a cryogenic pumping section (CPS). In the DPS2-F the tritium flow will be reduced by differential pumping while in the CPS tritium will be adsorbed on a pre-condensed argon layer prepared inside KATRIN's beamtube. To assure the required stability of the source on 0.1% level a stabilized tritium injection in the source is required. This is done by closed tritium loops. The purity and composition of the injected gas will be monitored by Laser Raman spectroscopy.
The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment will provide a measurement of the effective electron-neutrino mass, $m(ν_e)$, based on a precision measurement of the tritium beta decay spectrum near its endpoint. The effective mass is an average of the neutrino mass eigenvalues $m_i$ weighted by the flavor-mass mixing parameters $U_{ei}$ according to the relation $m^2(ν_e)= \sum_{i=1}^3 |U_{ei} |^2 m_i^2$. The KATRIN apparatus uses a windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS) and a spectrometer based on the MAC-E filter concept to measure the beta energy spectrum. The KATRIN program is design…
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