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arXiv 2103.15832gr-qchep-thmath-phmath.MP
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广义相对论中的所有基本带电薄壳层：从星壳层到张力壳层黑洞和规则黑洞及更远

All fundamental electrically charged thin shells in general relativity: From star shells to tension shell black holes and regular black holes and beyond

José P. S. Lemos, Paulo Luz

备注：
56 pages including 31 figures, plus 2 appendices including 2 figures, plus references; all together 67 pages and 33 figures
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. D 103, 104046 (2021)
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摘要：

我们将广义相对论中所有基本的带电薄壳进行分类，即，静态球对称完美流体薄壳，内部为闵可夫斯基时空，外部为Reissner-Nordström时空，以时空质量和电荷为特征。基本壳层可以存在于三种状态，非极值，极值和过度充电。非极值状态允许壳的位置使其半径可以在其自身引力半径之外，也可以在其自身柯西半径之内。极端状态允许壳层的半径在其自身引力半径之外，或者在其自身引力半径之内;过荷状态允许壳层位于任何地方。还有一个进一步的划分，必须指定外壳的方向，即，壳外的法线是否指向增大或减小的半径。当壳处于引力半径时，在极端状态中仍然存在细分，因为壳可以从上面或下面接近它。假设壳体是由带电的理想流体组成，并测试了能量条件。卡特-彭罗斯图绘制的壳时空。基本壳的分类有14种情况，即非极值星壳，非极值张力壳黑洞，非极值张力壳正则和非正则黑洞，非极值紧壳裸奇点，Majumdar-Papapetrou星壳，极值张力壳奇点，极值张力壳正则和非正则黑洞，Majumdar-Papapetrou紧壳裸奇点，Majumdar-Papapetrou壳层拟黑洞，极值零壳层拟非黑洞，极值零壳层奇异性，Majumdar-Papapetrou零壳层奇异性，超荷星壳层，超荷紧壳层裸奇异性。

英文摘要：

We classify all fundamental electrically charged thin shells in general relativity, i.e., static spherically symmetric perfect fluid thin shells with a Minkowski spacetime interior and a Reissner-Nordström spacetime exterior, characterized by the spacetime mass and electric charge. The fundamental shell can exist in three states, nonextremal, extremal, and overcharged. The nonextremal state allows the shell to be located such that its radius can be outside its own gravitational radius, or can be inside its own Cauchy radius. The extremal state allows the shell to be located such that its radius can be outside its own gravitational radius, or can be inside it. The overcharged state allows the shell to be located anywhere. There is a further division, one has to specify the orientation of the shell, i.e., whether the normal out of the shell points toward increasing or decreasing radii. There is still a subdivision in the extremal state when the shell is at the gravitational radius, in that the shell can approach it from above or from below. The shell is assumed to be composed of an electrically charged perfect fluid, and the energy conditions are tested. Carter-Penrose diagrams are drawn for the shell spacetimes. There are fourteen cases in the classification of the fundamental shells, namely, nonextremal star shells, nonextremal tension shell black holes, nonextremal tension shell regular and nonregular black holes, nonextremal compact shell naked singularities, Majumdar-Papapetrou star shells, extremal tension shell singularities, extremal tension shell regular and nonregular black holes, Majumdar-Papapetrou compact shell naked singularities, Majumdar-Papapetrou shell quasiblack holes, extremal null shell quasinonblack holes, extremal null shell singularities, Majumdar-Papapetrou null shell singularities, overcharged star shells, and overcharged compact shell naked singularities.

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