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arXiv 2103.04308quant-phhep-thmath-phmath.MPphysics.class-phphysics.hist-ph
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经典力学和量子力学中的幂律对偶

Power law duality in classical and quantum mechanics

Akira Inomata, Georg Junker

摘要:

讨论了Newton-Hooke对偶及其在经典、半经典和量子力学中任意幂律的推广。我们追求的观点,幂律对偶是一组对偶操作下的行动的对称性。幂对偶对称性是由作用的不变性和互易性以汉密尔顿特征函数的形式定义的。我们发现,幂律对偶性基本上是一个经典的概念,并打破了角度量子化的水平。我们提出了一种特殊的方法来保持量子力学中的对偶对称性。作为将一个系统带到另一个系统的对偶操作的一部分,所需的能量耦合交换映射导致了一个将新能量与旧能量联系起来的能量公式。满足径向薛定谔方程的{the}格林函数的变换性质给出了新格林函数与旧格林函数之间的关系式。半经典地计算了分数幂次势中直线运动的能谱。我们找到了一种方法来证明超对称半经典作用量的库仑-胡克对偶性。我们还研究了约束势问题的帮助下的双重结构的两项功率势。

英文摘要:

The Newton--Hooke duality and its generalization to arbitrary power laws in classical, semiclassical and quantum mechanics are discussed. We pursue a view that the power-law duality is a symmetry of the action under a set of duality operations. The power dual symmetry is defined by invariance and reciprocity of the action in the form of Hamilton's characteristic function. We find that the power-law duality is basically a classical notion and breaks down at the level of angular quantization. We propose an ad hoc procedure to preserve the dual symmetry in quantum mechanics. The energy-coupling exchange maps required as part of the duality operations that take one system to another lead to an energy formula that relates the new energy to the old energy. The transformation property of {the} Green function satisfying the radial Schrödinger equation yields a formula that relates the new Green function to the old one. The energy spectrum of the linear motion in a fractional power potential is semiclassically evaluated. We find a way to show the Coulomb--Hooke duality in the supersymmetric semiclassical action. We also study the confinement potential problem with the help of the dual structure of a two-term power potential.

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