Koh'ichiro Hara, Ichiro Ohba
We calculate a tunneling time distribution by means of Nelson's quantum mechanics and investigate its statistical properties. The relationship between the average and deviation of tunneling time suggests the exsistence of ``wave-particle duality'' in the tunneling phenomena.
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We analyze the effects of inelastic scattering on the tunneling time theoretically, using generalized Nelson's quantum mechanics. This generalization enables us to describe quantum system with optical potential and channel couplings in a real time stochastic approach, which seems to give us a new insight into quantum mechanics beyond Copenhagen interpretation.
Tunneling in double-well potentials within Nelson's stochastic mechanics: Application to ammonia inversion
本文利用Nelson随机力学研究双井势中束缚态的隧道时间统计，通过首次通过时间理论计算均值和概率分布，并验证了随机力学与量子力学隧道时间的关系，应用于氨分子翻转动力学。
We discuss the propagation of wave packets through interacting environments. Such environments generally modify the dispersion relation or shape of the wave function. To study such effects in detail, we define the distribution function P_{X}(T), which describes the arrival time T of a packet at a detector located at point X. We calculate P_{X}(T) for wave packets traveling through a tunneling barrier and find that our results actually explain recent experiments. We compare our results with Nelson's stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics and resolve a paradox previously apparent in Nels…
Recently, the properties of bouncing oil droplets, also known as "walkers", have attracted much attention because they are thought to offer a gateway to a better understanding of quantum behaviour. They constitute indeed a macroscopic realization of wave-particle duality, in the sense that their trajectories are guided by a self-generated surrounding wave. The aim of this paper is to develop a phenomenological theory for the behavior of walkers in terms of de Broglie-Bohm and Nelson dynamics. We study in particular how modifications of the de Broglie pilot-wave theory, à la Nelson, affect the …
Directional quantum walks of two bosons on the Hatano-Nelson lattice
本文研究 Hatano-Nelson 晶格上双玻色子在非互易隧穿和相互作用下的量子行走，发现非厄米性导致不对称密度锥、不对称 Bloch 振荡及非互易聚束行为，并证明量子 Fisher 信息随时间以 $t^3$ 增长，可用于量子增强弱力传感。
One of the most fundamental difference between classical and quantum mechanics is observed in the particle tunneling through a localized potential: the former predicts a discontinuous transmission coefficient ($T$) as a function in incident velocity between one (complete penetration) and zero (complete reflection), while the later always changes smoothly as a wave nature. Here we report a systematic study of the quantum tunneling property for a bright soliton in ultracold atoms, which behaves as a classical particle (matter wave) in the limit of small (large) incident velocity. In the intermed…
In this article, we propose a resolution to the paradox of apparent superluminal velocities for tunneling particles, by a careful treatment of temporal observables in quantum theory and through a precise application of the duality between particles and waves. To this end, we employ a new method for constructing probabilities associated to quantum time measurements that provides an explicit link between the tunneling time of particles and the associated quantum fields. We demonstrate that the idea of faster-than-light speeds in tunneling follows from an inadmissible use of classical reasoning i…
Starting with the equivalence of the rest energy of a particle to an amount of the radiant energy characterized by a frequency, in addition to the usual relativistic transformation rules leading to the wave-particle duality, we investigate the case in which this frequency is an internal propery of the particle. This kind of interpretation of the frequency is shown to be relevant to the tunneling effect. The investigations in this direction yield (1) a purely real time everywhere, (2) an anti-hermitian momentum operator, (3) a corpuscular structure for the particle, and (4) all of the known the…
The de Broglie - Bohm "pilot-wave" theory replaces the paradoxical wave-particle duality of ordinary quantum theory with a more mundane and literal kind of duality: each individual photon or electron comprises a quantum wave (evolving in accordance with the usual quantum mechanical wave equation) and a particle that, under the influence of the wave, traces out a definite trajectory. The definite particle trajectory allows the theory to account for the results of experiments without the usual recourse to additional dynamical axioms about measurements. Instead one need simply assume that particl…
Explanation of Superluminal Phenomena Based on Wave-Particle Duality and Proposed Optical Experiments
基于光子波粒二象性解释超光速现象，指出超光速仅发生在相干长度内且不违反因果律，并提议光学实验验证。
The wave-particle duality of massive objects is a cornerstone of quantum physics and a key property of many modern tools such as electron microscopy, neutron diffraction or atom interferometry. Here we report on the first experimental demonstration of quantum interference lithography with complex molecules. Molecular matter-wave interference patterns are deposited onto a reconstructed Si(111) 7x7 surface and imaged using scanning tunneling microscopy. Thereby both the particle and the quantum wave character of the molecules can be visualized in one and the same image. This new approach to nano…
In the past two-dimensional models of QFT have served as theoretical laboratories for testing new concepts under mathematically controllable condition. In more recent times low-dimensional models (e.g. chiral models, factorizing models) often have been treated by special recipes in a way which sometimes led to a loss of unity of QFT. In the present work I try to counteract this apartheid tendency by reviewing past results within the setting of the general principles of QFT. To this I add two new ideas: (1) a modular interpretation of the chiral model Diff(S)-covariance with a close connection …
A new interpretation of quantum mechanics, similar to the Copenhagen interpretation, is developed from time-symmetry arguments and commonly held principles concerning time and causality. These principles, which are grounded in ideas outside of quantum mechanics, suggest that the strange features and paradoxes of quantum mechanics come from backward causation, in which future events can change the past. Using these principles this paper gives a better understanding of (and reasons for) stationary states, tunneling, wave-particle duality, the measurement problem with the collapse of the state ve…
Until recently, wave-particle duality has been thought of as quantum principle without a counterpart in classical physics. This belief was challenged after (i) finding that average dynamics of a classical particle in strong inhomogeneous oscillating field resembles that of a quantum object and (ii) experimental discovery of "walkers" - macroscopic droplets that bounce on a vertically vibrating bath of the same fluid and can self-propell via interaction with the surface waves they generate. This paper exposes a new family of objects that can display both particle and wave features all together …
Quantum systems are often classified into Hermitian and non-Hermitian ones. Extraordinary non-Hermitian phenomena, ranging from the non-Hermitian skin effect to the supersensitivity to boundary conditions, have been widely explored. Whereas these intriguing phenomena have been considered peculiar to non-Hermitian systems, we show that they can be naturally explained by a duality between non-Hermitian models in flat spaces and their counterparts, which could be Hermitian, in curved spaces. For instance, prototypical one-dimensional (1D) chains with uniform chiral tunnelings are equivalent to th…
Since its discovery in 2005, the hydrodynamic pilot-wave system has provided a concrete macroscopic realization of wave-particle duality and concomitant classical analogs of a growing list of quantum effects. The question naturally arises as to whether this system might support statistical states that violate Bell's inequality, and so yield a classical analog of quantum entanglement. We here introduce a new platform for addressing this question, a numerical model of coupled bipartite tunneling in the hydrodynamic pilot-wave system. We demonstrate that, under certain conditions, the Bell inequa…
While exponential decay is ubiquitous in Nature, deviations at both short and long times are dictated by quantum mechanics. Non-exponential decay is known to arise due to the possibility of reconstructing the initial state from the decaying products. We discuss the quantum decay dynamics by tunneling of a many-particle system, characterizing the long-time non-exponential behavior of the non-escape and survival probabilities. The effects of contact interactions and quantum statistics are described. It is found that whereas for non-interacting bosons the long-time decay follows a power-law with …
In this work, we study the $ U(1)/Z_2 $ Dicke model at a finite $ N $ by using the $ 1/J $ expansion and exact diagonization. This model includes the four standard quantum optics model as its various special limits. The $ 1/J $ expansions is complementary to the strong coupling expansion used by the authors in arXiv:1512.08581 to study the same model in its dual $ Z_2/U(1) $ representation. We identify 3 regimes of the system's energy levels: the normal, $ U(1) $ and quantum tunneling (QT) regime. The system's energy levels are grouped into doublets which consist of scattering states and Schro…
An Ising-type classical statistical model is shown to describe quantum fermions. For a suitable time-evolution law for the probability distribution of the Ising-spins our model describes a quantum field theory for Dirac spinors in external electromagnetic fields, corresponding to a mean field approximation to quantum electrodynamics. All quantum features for the motion of an arbitrary number of electrons and positrons, including the characteristic interference effects for two-fermion states, are described by the classical statistical model. For one-particle states in the non-relativistic appro…
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