In this article, we prove a series of integral formulae for a codimension-one foliated sub-Riemannian manifold, i.e., a Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ equipped with a distribution ${\mathcal D}=T{\mathcal F}\oplus\,{\rm span}(N)$, where ${\mathcal F}$ is a foliation of $M$ and $N$ a unit vector field $g$-orthogonal to ${\mathcal F}$. Our integral formulas involve $r$th mean curvatures of ${\mathcal F}$, Newton transformations of the shape operator of ${\mathcal F}$ with respect to $N$ and the curvature tensor of induced connection on ${\mathcal D}$ and generalize some known integral formulas (due to Brito-Langevin-Rosenberg, Andrzejewski-Walczak and the author) for codimension-one foliations. We apply our formulas to sub-Riemannian manifolds with restrictions on the curvature and extrinsic geometry of a foliation.
On a compact foliated Riemannian manifold with some transversal curvature conditions, there are no nontrivial basic harmonic forms (M. Min-Oo et al., J. Reine Angew. Math. 415 (1991). In this paper, we extend the above facts to a complete foliated Riemannian manifold.
We study the transversally harmonic maps between foliated Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we prove that under some curvature conditions, any transversally harmonic map is transversally totally geodesic.
In this article, we deduce a series of integral formulas for a foliated sub-Riemannian manifold, which is a new geometric concept denoting a Riemannian manifold equipped with a distribution ${\mathcal D}$ and a foliation ${\mathcal F}$, whose tangent bundle is a subbundle of ${\mathcal D}$. Our integral formulas generalize some results for foliated Riemannian manifolds and involve the shape operators of ${\mathcal F}$ with respect to normals in ${\mathcal D}$ and the curvature tensor of induced connection on ${\mathcal D}$. The formulas also include arbitrary functions $f_j\ (0\le j<\dim{\math…
We derive total mean curvature integration formulae of a three co-dimensional foliation $\mathcal{F}^{n}$ on a screen integrable half-lightlike submanifold, $M^{n+1}$ in a semi-Riemannian manifold $\overline{M}^{n+3}$. We give generalized differential equations relating to mean curvatures of a totally umbilical half-lightlike submanifold admitting a totally umbilical screen distribution, and show that they are generalizations of those given by [4].
We develop variation formulas on almost-product (e.g. foliated) pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, and we consider variations of metric preserving orthogonality of the distributions. These formulae are applied to Einstein-Hilbert type actions: the total mixed scalar curvature and the total extrinsic scalar curvature of a distribution. The obtained Euler-Lagrange equations admit a number of solutions, e.g., twisted products, conformal submersions and isoparametric foliations. The paper generalizes recent results about the actions on codimension-one foliations for the case of arbitrary (co)dimension.
The mixed scalar curvature is one of the simplest curvature invariants of a foliated Riemannian manifold. We explore the problem of prescribing the mixed scalar curvature of a foliated Riemann-Cartan manifold by conformal change of the structure in tangent and normal to the leaves directions. Under certain geometrical assumptions and in two special cases: along a compact leaf and for a closed fibred manifold, we reduce the problem to solution of a leafwise elliptic equation, which has three stable solutions -- only one of them corresponds to the case of a foliated Riemannian manifold.
Integral formulae for foliated Riemannian manifolds provide obstructions for existence of foliations or compact leaves of them with given geometric properties. This paper continues our recent study and presents new integral formulae and their applications for codimension-one foliated Randers spaces. The goal is a generalization of Reeb's formula (that the total mean curvature of the leaves is zero) and its companion (that twice total second mean curvature of the leaves equals to the total Ricci curvature in the normal direction). We also extend results by Brito, Langevin and Rosenberg (that to…
Integral formulae for foliated Riemannian manifolds provide obstructions for existence of foliations or compact leaves of them with given geometric properties. Recently, we associated a new Riemannian metric to a codimension-one foliated Finsler space and proved integral formulae for general and for Randers spaces. In the paper, we study this metric for a wider class of codimension-one foliated $(α,β)$-spaces and embody it in a set of metrics that can be viewed as a perturbed metric associated with $α$. For such metrics we calculate the Weingarten operator of the leaves and deduce the Reeb typ…
In this article, we study the L2-transverse conformal Killing forms on complete foliated Riemannian manifolds and prove some vanishing theorems. Also, we study the same problems on Kahler foliations with a complete bundle-like metric.
We study the geometry of a codimension-one foliation with a time-dependent Riemannian metric. The work begins with formulae concerning deformations of geometric quantities as the Riemannian metric varies along the leaves of the foliation. Then the Extrinsic Geometric Flow depending on the second fundamental form of the foliation is introduced. Under suitable assumptions, this evolution yields the second order parabolic PDEs, for which the existence/uniquenes and in some cases convergence of a solution are shown. Applications to the problem of prescribing mean curvature function of a codimensio…
It is proved that the isometry classes of pointed connected complete Riemannian $n$-manifolds form a Polish space, $\mathcal{M}_*^\infty(n)$, with the topology described by the $C^\infty$ convergence of manifolds. This space has a canonical partition into sets defined by varying the distinguished point into each manifold. The locally non-periodic manifolds define an open dense subspace $\mathcal{M}_{*,\text{lnp}}^\infty(n)\subset\mathcal{M}_*^\infty(n)$, which becomes a $C^\infty$ foliated space with the restriction of the canonical partition. Its leaves without holonomy form the subspace $\ma…
Let $ι\colon \mathcal{F}_0\to\mathcal{F}_1 $ be a suitably oriented inclusion of foliations over a manifold $M$, then we extend the construction of the lower shriek maps given by Hilsum and Skandalis to adiabatic deformation groupoid C*-algebras: we construct an asymptotic morphism $(ι_{ad}^{[0,1)})_!\in E_n\left(C^*(G_{ad}^{[0,1)}), C^*(H_{ad}^{[0,1)})\right)$, where $G$ and $H$ are the monodromy groupoids associated with $\mathcal{F}_0$ and $\mathcal{F}_1$ respectively. Furthermore, we prove an interior Kasparov product formula for foliated $\varrho$-classes associated with longitudinal metr…
The theory of twistors on foliated manifolds is developed and the twistor space of the normal bundle is constructed. It is demonstrated that the classical constructions of the twistor theory lead to foliated objects and permit to formulate and prove foliated versions of some well-known results on holomorphic mappings. Since any orbifold can be understood as the leaf space of a suitable defined Riemannian foliation we obtain orbifold versions of the classical results as a simple consequence of the results on foliated mappings.
In this paper, we consider a compact Riemannian manifold whose boundary is endowed with a Riemannian flow. Under a suitable curvature assumption depending on the O'Neill tensor of the flow, we prove that any solution of the basic Dirac equation is the restriction of a parallel spinor field defined on the whole manifold. As a consequence, we show that the flow is a local product. In particular, in the case where solutions of the basic Dirac equation are given by basic Killing spinors, we characterize the geometry of the manifold and the flow.
We study the classification of area-stationary and stable $C^2$ regular surfaces in the space of the rigid motions of the Minkowski plane E(1,1), equipped with its sub-Riemannian structure. We construct examples of area-stationary surfaces that are not foliated by sub-Riemannian geodesics. We also prove that there exist an infinite number of $C^2$ area-stationary surfaces with a singular curve. Finally we show the stability of $C^2$ area-stationary surfaces foliated by sub-Riemannian geodesics.
In this paper, we introduce the weighted mixed (sectional, Ricci and scalar) curvature of a foliated (and almost-product) Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ equipped with a vector field $X$. We define several functions ($q$th Ricci type curvatures), which "interpolate" between the weighed sectional and Ricci curvatures. The novel concepts of the "mixed curvature-dimension" condition and "synthetic dimension of a distribution" allow us to update the estimate of the diameter of a compact Riemannian foliation and to prove new splitting theorems for almost-product manifolds of nonnegative/nonpositive wei…
The purpose of this Note is to prove that each of the following conditions is equivalent to that of the foliation ${\cal F}$ is riemannian: 1) the lifted foliation ${\cal F}^{r}$ on the bundle of $r$-transverse jets is riemannian for an $r\geq 1$; 2) the foliation ${\cal F}_{0}^{r}$ on the slashed ${\cal J}_{0}^{r}$ is riemannian and vertically exact for an $r\geq 1 $; 3) there is a positively admissible transverse lagrangian on ${\cal J}%_{0}^{r}E$, the $r$-transverse slashed jet bundle of a foliated bundle $% E\rightarrow M$, for an $r\geq 1$.
Given a Riemannian spin^c manifold whose boundary is endowed with a Riemannian flow, we show that any solution of the basic Dirac equation satisfies an integral inequality depending on geometric quantities, such as the mean curvature and the O'Neill tensor. We then characterize the equality case of the inequality when the ambient manifold is a domain of a Kähler-Einstein manifold or a Riemannian product of a Kähler-Einstein manifold with R (or with the circle S^1).
In [4], we gave a sharp lower bound for the first eigenvalue of the basic Laplacian acting on basic $1$-forms defined on a compact manifold whose boundary is endowed with a Riemannian flow. In this paper, we extend this result to the case of the first eigenvalue on basic $p$-forms for $p>1$. As in [4], the limiting case allows to characterize the manifold $\mathbb{R} \times B' / Γ$ for some group $Γ$, and where $B'$ denotes the unit closed ball. In particular, we describe the Riemannian product $\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{S}^n$ as the boundary of a manifold.
Extrinsic Geometric Flow (EGF) for a codimension-one foliation has been recently introduced by authors as deformations of Riemannian metrics subject to quantities expressed in terms of its second fundamental form. In the paper we introduce soliton solutions to EGF and study their geometry for totally umbilical foliations, foliations on surfaces, and when the EGF is produced by the extrinsic Ricci tensor.
Let $(G,g)$ be a 4-dimensional Riemannian Lie group with a 2-dimensional left-invariant, conformal foliation $\F$ with minimal leaves. Let $J$ be an almost Hermitian structure on $G$ adapted to the foliation $\F$. We classify such structures $J$ which are almost Kähler $(\A\K)$, integrable $(\I)$ or Kähler $(\K)$. Hereby we construct several new multi-dimensional examples in each class.
We prove a general result about the short time existence and uniqueness of second order geometric flows transverse to a Riemannian foliation on a compact manifold. Our result includes some flows already existing in literature, as the transverse Ricci flow, the Sasaki-Ricci flow and the Sasaki J-flow and motivates the study of other evolution equations. We also introduce a transverse version of the Kaehler-Ricci flow adapting some classical results to the foliated case.
A singular foliation on a complete riemannian manifold M is said to be riemannian if each geodesic that is perpendicular at one point to a leaf remains perpendicular to every leaf it meets. We prove that the regular leaves are equifocal, i.e., the end point map of a normal foliated vector field has constant rank. This implies that we can reconstruct the singular foliation by taking all parallel submanifolds of a regular leaf with trivial holonomy. In addition, the end point map of a normal foliated vector field on a leaf with trivial holonomy is a covering map. These results generalize previou…
We study the stability of the Positive Mass Theorem (PMT) and the Riemannian Penrose Inequality (RPI) in the case where a region of an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold $M^3$ can be foliated by a smooth solution of Inverse Mean Curvature Flow (IMCF) which is uniformly controlled. We consider a sequence of regions of asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds $U_T^i\subset M_i^3$, foliated by a smooth solution to IMCF which is uniformly controlled, and if $\partial U_T^i = Σ_0^i \cup Σ_T^i$ and $m_H(Σ_T^i) \rightarrow 0$ then $U_T^i$ converges to a topological annulus portion of hyperbolic space with…
Haefliger cohomology characterizes taut foliated manifolds by Haefliger's theorem. We show that Haefliger cohomology characterizes strongly tense foliated manifolds, namely, foliated manifolds which admit a Riemannian metric such that the mean curvature form of the leaves is closed and basic. We show that Haefliger cohomology is dual to invariant cohomology for complete Riemannian foliations. As an application of these results, we prove that any complete Riemannian foliation is strongly tense, which is a generalization of Domínguez's tenseness theorem for Riemannian foliations on closed manifo…
We study deformations of Riemannian metrics on a given manifold equipped with a codimension-one foliation subject to quantities expressed in terms of its second fundamental form. We prove the local existence and uniqueness theorem and estimate the existence time of solutions for some particular cases. The key step of the solution procedure is to find (from a system of quasilinear PDE's) the principal curvatures of the foliation. Examples for extrinsic Newton transformation flow, extrinsic Ricci flow, and applications to foliations on surfaces are given.
For closed manifolds endowed with a Riemannian foliation of codimension $4$, one can define a transversal Seiberg-Witten map. We show that there is a finite dimensional approximation for such a map. By such a method and under the condition that $H^1_b(M)\cap H^1(M,\mathbb Z)$ is a lattice of $H^1_b(M)$, we can define a foliated version of Bauer-Furuta invariant. Moreover, if the basic cohomological group is of zero dimension, we can give an estimate for the index of transversal Dirac operator of a foliated spin structure. Furthermore, under the condition that $H^\pm_b(M)=1$, we show the vanish…
We introduce the foliated anti-self dual equation for higher dimensional smooth manifolds with codimension-4 Riemannian foliations. Several fundamental results are established, towards the defining of a Donaldson type invariant for such foliations.
We present some recent results on the behavior of the spectrum of the differential form Laplacian on a Riemannian foliated manifold when the metric on the ambient manifold is blown up in directions normal to the leaves (in the adiabatic limit).
Let $(G,g)$ be a 4-dimensional Riemannian Lie group with a 2-dimensional left-invariant, conformal foliation $\mathcal{F}$ with minimal leaves. Let $J$ be an almost Hermitian structure on $G$ adapted to the foliation $\mathcal{F}$. The corresponding Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ must then belong to one of 20 families $\mathfrak{g}_1,\dots,\mathfrak{g}_{20}$ according to S. Gudmundsson and M. Svensson. We classify such structures $J$ which are almost Kähler $(\mathcal{A}\mathcal{K})$, integrable $(\mathcal{I})$ or Kähler $(\mathcal{K})$. Hereby, we construct 16 multi-dimensional almost Kähler fami…
The main result of the paper is Egorov's theorem for transversally elliptic operators on compact foliated manifolds. This theorem is applied to describe the noncommutative geodesic flow in noncommutative geometry of Riemannian foliations.
We discuss the decomposition of degree two basic cohomology for codimension four taut Riemannian foliation according to the holonomy invariant transversal almost complex structure J, and show that J is C pure and full. In addition, we obtain an estimate of the dimension of basic J-anti-invariant subgroup. These are the foliated version for the corresponding results of T. Draghici et al.
In this paper, we introduce an entropy functional on Riemannian foliation, inspired by the work of , which is monotonically along the transverse Ricci flow. We relate their gradient flow, via diffeomorphism preserving the foliated structure of the manifold with Riemannian foliation, to the transverse Ricci flow. Moreover, inspired by the work of Fuquan Fang and Yuhao Zhang, we give a necessary condition for codimension 4 Riemannian foliation admitting the transverse Einstein metric.
We prove several versions of Driver's integration by parts formula for the horizontal Wiener measure on a totally geodesic Riemannian foliation and prove that the horizontal Wiener measure has a quasi-invariance property with respect to flows generated by suitable tangent processes.
In this paper we present some new results on the tautness of Riemannian foliations in their historical context. The first part of the paper gives a short history of the problem. For a closed manifold, the tautness of a Riemannian foliation can be characterized cohomologically. We extend this cohomological characterization to a class of foliations which includes the foliated strata of any singular Riemannian foliation of a closed manifold.
In this paper, we give a sharp lower bound for the first eigenvalue of the basic Laplacian acting on basic $1$-forms defined on a compact manifold whose boundary is endowed with a Riemannian flow. The limiting case gives rise to a particular geometry of the flow and the boundary. Namely, the flow is a local product and the boundary is $η$-umbilical. This allows to characterize the quotient of $\mathbb R\times B'$ by some group $Γ$ as being the limiting manifold. Here $B'$ denotes the unit closed ball. Finally, we deduce several rigidity results describing the product $\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathb…
Let $(M,g^{TM})$ be a noncompact complete Riemannian manifold of dimension $n$, and let $F\subseteq TM$ be an integrable subbundle of $TM$. Let $g^F=g^{TM}|_{F}$ be the restricted metric on $F$ and let $k^F$ be the associated leafwise scalar curvature. Let $f:M\to S^n(1)$ be a smooth area decreasing map along $F$, which is locally constant near infinity and of non-zero degree. We show that if $k^F> {\rm rk}(F)({\rm rk}(F)-1)$ on the support of ${\rm d}f$, and either $TM$ or $F$ is spin, then $\inf (k^F)<0$. As a consequence, we prove Gromov's sharp foliated $\otimes_\varepsilon$-twisting conje…
We study harmonic and totally invariant measures in a foliated compact Riemannian manifold isometrically embedded in an Euclidean space. We introduce geometrical techniques for stochastic calculus in this space. In particular, using these techniques we can construct explicitely an Stratonovich equation for the foliated Brownian motion (cf. L. Garnett \cite{LG} and others). We present a characterization of totally invariant measures in terms of the flow of diffeomorphisms of associated to this equation. We prove an ergodic formula for the sum of the Lyapunov exponents in terms of the geometry o…
The idea of Lichnerowicz or Morse-Novikov cohomology groups of a manifold has been utilized by many researchers to study important properties and invariants of a manifold. Morse-Novikov cohomology is defined using the differential $d_ω=d+ω\wedge$, where $ω$ is a closed $1$-form. We study Morse-Novikov cohomology relative to a foliation on a manifold and its homotopy invariance and then extend it to more general type of forms on a Riemannian foliation. We study the Laplacian and Hodge decompositions for the corresponding differential operators on reduced leafwise Morse-Novikov complexes. In the…
We study the stability of the Positive Mass Theorem (PMT) and the Riemannian Penrose Inequality (RPI) in the case where a region of an asymptotically flat manifold $M^3$ can be foliated by a smooth solution of Inverse Mean Curvature Flow (IMCF) which is uniformly controlled. We consider a sequence of regions of asymptotically flat manifolds $U_T^i\subset M_i^3$, foliated by a smooth solution to IMCF which is uniformly controlled, and if $\partial U_T^i = Σ_0^i \cup Σ_T^i$ and $m_H(Σ_T^i) \rightarrow 0$ then $U_T^i$ converges to a flat annulus with respect to $L^2$ metric convergence. If instea…
We give some properties of semi-symmetric pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. These are foliated manifolds and for the Lorentzian metric, the Ricci operator has only real eigenvalues.
We develop variation formulas for the quantities of extrinsic geometry for adapted variations of metrics on almost-product (e.g. foliated) Riemannian manifolds, and apply them to study the total mixed scalar curvature of a distribution -- analogue of the classical Einstein-Hilbert action. The mixed scalar curvature ${\rm S}_{\,\rm mix}$ is the averaged sectional curvature over all planes that contain vectors from both distributions of an almost-product structure and the variations we consider preserve orthogonality of the distributions. We derive the directional derivative $D J_{\,\rm mix}$ (o…
The basic cohomology of a Riemannian foliation on a complete manifold with all leaves closed is the cohomology of the leaf space. In this paper we introduce various methods to compute the basic cohomology in the presence of both closed and non-closed leaves in the simply-connected case (or more generally for Killing foliations): We show that the total basic Betti number of the union C of the closed leaves is smaller than or equal to the total basic Betti number of the foliated manifold, and we give sufficient conditions for equality. If there is a basic Morse-Bott function with critical set eq…
We use adiabatic limits to study foliated manifolds. The Bott connection naturally shows up as the adiabatic limit of Levi-Civita connections. As an application, we then construct certain natural elliptic operators associated to the foliation and present a direct geometric proof of a vanshing theorem of Connes[Co], which extends the Lichnerowicz vanishing theorem [L] to foliated manifolds with spin leaves, for what we call almost Riemannian foliations. Several new vanishing theorems are also proved by using our method.
We prove an analogue of the Hitchin-Kobayashi correspondence for compact, oriented, taut Riemannian foliated manifolds with transverse Hermitian structure. In particular, our Hitchin-Kobayashi theorem holds on any compact Sasakian manifold. We define the notion of stability for foliated Hermitian vector bundles with transverse holomorphic structure and prove that such bundles admit a basic Hermitian-Einstein connection if and only if they are polystable. Our proof is obtained by adapting the proof by Uhlenbeck and Yau to the foliated setting. We relate the transverse Hermitian-Einstein equatio…
A leafwise Hodge decomposition was proved by Sanguiao for Riemannian foliations of bounded geometry. Its proof is explained again in terms of our study of bounded geometry for Riemannian foliations. It is used to associate smoothing operators to foliated flows, and describe their Schwartz kernels. All of this is extended to a leafwise version of the Novikov differential complex.
Egorov's theorem for transversally elliptic operators, acting on sections of a vector bundle over a compact foliated manifold, is proved. This theorem relates the quantum evolution of transverse pseudodifferential operators determined by a first order transversally elliptic operator with the (classical) evolution of its symbols determined by the parallel transport along the orbits of the associated transverse bicharacteristic flow. For a particular case of a transverse Dirac operator, the transverse bicharacteristic flow is shown to be given by the transverse geodesic flow and the parallel tra…
We recall the notion of (vertical) translating solitons in a product of a semi-Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ and the real line. Mainly, we restrict our attention to those which are the graph of a smooth function. When dealing with submersions, we show a criteria to lift (or project) translating solitons from the base manifold to the total space (or viceversa). In particular, manifolds foliated by codimension 1 orbits of a Lie group action give rise to such solitons, up to solving a first-order ordinary differential equation. This gives us explicit criteria under which the graph of a function is …
Using the method of Witten deformation, we express the basic index of a transversal Dirac operator over a Riemannian foliation as the sum of integers associated to the critical leaf closures of a given foliated bundle map.
We study the transversal wave equation on a compact Riemannian foliated manifold. As applications, we get an Egorov's type theorem for transversally elliptic operators, state a relationship between the singularities of the Fourier transform of the spectrum distribution function of a transversally elliptic operator and the corresponding transversal bicharacteristic flow and give a description of the noncommutative geodesic flow in transversal geometry of Riemannian foliations.
We study here the action of subgroups of PSL(2,R) on the space of harmonic functions on the unit disc bounded by a common constant, as well as the relationship this action has with the foliated Liouville problem: Given a foliation of a compact manifold by Riemannian leaves and a leafwise harmonic continuous function on the manifold, is the function leafwise constant? We give a number of positive results and also show a general class of examples for which the Liouville property does not hold. The connection between the Liouville property and the dynamics on the space of harmonic functions as we…
