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arXiv 2103.00677q-bio.PEphysics.soc-ph
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考虑人口行为和疫苗接种的美国COVID-19的建模和预测

Modeling and prediction of COVID-19 in the United States considering population behavior and vaccination

Thomas Usherwood, Zachary LaJoie, Vikas Srivastava

摘要:

COVID-19摧毁了整个国际社会。疫苗提供了一个缓解大流行的机会;然而,疫苗接种的效果与人群的行为反应还没有得到很好的理解。我们提出了一个模型,结合了两个重要的动态变化的人口行为:谨慎和安全感的水平。随着感染病例的增加,谨慎的程度也会增加,而随着疫苗接种的增加,安全感的增加会降低预防行为。据我们所知,这是第一个可以有效重现美国各地区COVID-19感染完整时间历史的模型,并提供了人口行为和疾病传播率动态变化的相关指标。我们提出了一个参数d_I作为一个直接的措施,人口的谨慎对传染病,可以从正在进行的新的传染病病例。该模型提供了一种方法来定量测量的关键传染病属性的人口,包括最高的疾病传播率,有效的疾病传播率,疾病相关的预防行为。我们预测美国未来COVID-19大流行趋势,包括疫苗推广和行为反应。尽管高疫苗接种率对迅速结束大流行至关重要,但我们发现,由于疫苗部署期间安全感的增加,恢复到大流行前的社会行为可能导致感染人数激增。我们的研究结果显示,按目前的疫苗接种速度,美国的新冠肺炎感染病例将于二零二一年八月底接近零。该模型可用于预测未来的流行病和大流行的动态之前和期间接种疫苗。

英文摘要:

COVID-19 has devastated the entire global community. Vaccines present an opportunity to mitigate the pandemic; however, the effect of vaccination coupled with the behavioral response of the population is not well understood. We propose a model that incorporates two important dynamically varying population behaviors: level of caution and sense of safety. Level of caution increases with the number of infectious cases, while an increasing sense of safety with increased vaccination lowers precautionary behaviors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that can effectively reproduce the complete time history of COVID-19 infections for various regions of the United States and provides relatable measures of dynamic changes in the population behavior and disease transmission rates. We propose a parameter d_I as a direct measure of a population's caution against an infectious disease, that can be obtained from the ongoing new infectious cases. The model provides a method for quantitative measure of critical infectious disease attributes for a population including highest disease transmission rate, effective disease transmission rate, and disease related precautionary behavior. We predict future COVID-19 pandemic trends in the United States accounting for vaccine rollout and behavioral response. Although a high rate of vaccination is critical to quickly end the pandemic, we find that a return towards pre-pandemic social behavior due to increased sense of safety during vaccine deployment, can cause an alarming surge in infections. Our results indicate that at the current rate of vaccination, the new infection cases for COVID-19 in the United States will approach zero by the end of August 2021. The model can be used for predicting future epidemic and pandemic dynamics before and during vaccination.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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