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arXiv 2108.07040q-bio.PE
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将COVID-19疫苗接种与社会距离措施相结合

Combining COVID-19 Vaccination with Social Distancing Measures

Evangelos F. Magirou

摘要:

我们分析了一个简单的SIR流行病学模型的最优控制版本,该模型包括部分指定的疫苗接种政策,并考虑到长期应用社会距离措施的疲劳。该模型假设人口(年龄相关)类别,否则是同质的。疫苗接种的最大能力是外生的,当局选择将其分配给各个类别。它们还可以采取措施,以经济代价统一减少受感染者和易感者之间的接触率。总或部分免疫力建模,而接触率被允许表现出季节性。我们采用最优控制方法,以尽量减少成本指标,同时保证卫生系统的能力不被超过。一个合理的参数选择导致的政策规定,接种疫苗的优先级应给予类别与有限的卫生保健资源的需求较高,而不考虑类别之间的成本变化。如果某些人口统计学类别具有显著较高的流动性,则疫苗接种优先级反转,而对于某些参数值,疫苗接种在类别之间交替。最佳的社交距离政策表现出季节性,因此将易感性降低到平均自发性疾病灭绝水平以下并不一定会导致社交距离的废除。

英文摘要:

We analyze an optimal control version of a simple SIR epidemiology model that includes a partially specified vaccination policy and takes into account fatigue from protracted application of social distancing measures. The model assumes demographic (age related) categories, and is otherwise homogeneous. Maximum capacity for vaccination is exogenous and the authorities select its allocation to the categories. They can also adopt measures to uniformly diminish the contact rate between infected and susceptible individuals at an economic cost. Total or partial immunity is modeled, while the contact rate is allowed to exhibit seasonality. We apply optimal control methods to minimize a cost index while guaranteeing that health system capacity is not exceeded. A reasonable parameter selection leads to policies specifying that vaccination priority should be given to the category with a higher demand for the limited health care resources regardless of cost variations among categories. Vaccination priority reverses if some demographic category has significantly higher mobility while for some parameter values vaccination alternates among categories. Optimal social distancing policies exhibit seasonality, and hence reducing susceptibles below the average spontaneous disease extinction level does not necessarily lead to a repeal of social distancing.

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