Walaa Nabil Taha Fasfous, Rajat Kanti Nath
In this paper, we compute the genus of commuting graphs of non-commutative rings of order $p^4$, $p^5$, $p^2q$ and $p^3q$, where $p$ and $q$ are prime integers. We also characterize those finite rings such that their commuting graphs are planar or toroidal.
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The commuting graph of a non-commutative ring $R$ with center $Z(R)$ is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $R\setminus Z(R)$ and two vertices $x, y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy = yx$. In this paper, we compute the spectrum and genus of commuting graphs of some classes of finite rings.
For a division ring D, finite dimensional over its center F, we give a condiction for the connectedness of the commuting graph of a matrix ring over $D$. Furthermore, we prove that if the commuting graph is connected, then its diameter is between four and six.
Commuting Jordan derivations over a Ring with idempotents
该文研究含非平凡幂等元的素环上的交换Jordan导子，证明其为零映射，并将结论推广至交换Jordan高阶导子与交换广义Jordan导子，丰富了环上导子理论。
Let $R$ be a finite ring. The commuting probability of $R$ is the probability that any two randomly chosen elements of $R$ commute. In this paper, we obtain some bounds for commuting probability of $R$.
We show that the set of all commuting probabilities in finite rings is a subset of the set of all commuting probabilities in finite nilpotent groups of class $\le2$. We believe that these two sets are equal; we prove they are equal, when restricted to groups and rings with odd number of elements.
The commuting probability of a finite ring $R$, denoted by $\Pr(R)$, is the probability that any two randomly chosen elements of $R$ commute. In this paper, we obtain several bounds for $\Pr(R)$ through a generalization of $\Pr(R)$. Further, we define ${\Z}$-isoclinism between two pairs of rings and show that the generalized commuting probability, defined in this paper, is invariant under ${\Z}$-isoclinism between two pairs of finite rings.
Let $R$ be a finite ring. The commuting probability of $R$, denoted by $\Pr(R)$, is the probability that any two randomly chosen elements of $R$ commute. $R$ is called an $n$-centralizer ring if it has $n$ distinct centralizers. In this paper, we compute $\Pr(R)$ for some $n$-centralizer finite rings.
In this paper we study the probability that the commutator of a randomly chosen pair of elements, one from a subring of a finite ring and other from the ring itself equals to a given element of the ring.
The non-commuting graph $Γ_R$ of a finite ring $R$ with center $Z(R)$ is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $R \setminus Z(R)$ and two distinct vertices $a$ and $b$ are adjacent if and only if $ab \ne ba$. In this paper, we show that $Γ_R$ is not isomorphic to certain graphs of any finite non-commutative ring $R$. Some connections between $Γ_R$ and commuting probability of $R$ are also obtained. Further, it is shown that the non-commuting graphs of two $\mathbb{Z}$-isoclinic rings are isomorphic if the centers of the rings have same order
The group of automorphisms of the first Weyl algebra acts on commuting ordinary differential operators with polynomial coefficient. In this paper we prove that for fixed generic spectral curve of genus two the set of orbits is infinite.
A Note On Square-free Commuting Probabilities of Finite Rings
本文通过证明有限环的交换概率不能写成分母无平方因子的分数，解决了 Buckley 和 MacHale 提出的猜想。
Let $R$ be a finite ring and $r \in R$. The aim of this paper is to study the probability that the commutator of a randomly chosen pair of elements of $R$ equals $r$.
We will give a short proof of the fact that if the algebraic closure of a field $\mathbb F$ is a finite extension, then for $n\geq 3$ the commuting graph $Γ(M_n(\mathbb F))$ is connected and its diameter is four.
In this paper we construct examples of commuting ordinary scalar differential operators with polynomial coefficients that are related to a spectral curve of an arbitrary genus g>0 and to an arbitrary rank r>1 of the vector bundle of common eigenfunctions of the commuting operators over the spectral curve. This solves completely the well-known existence problem for commuting operators of arbitrary genus and arbitrary rank with polynomial coefficients. The constructed commuting operators of arbitrary rank r>1 and arbitrary genus g>0 are given explicitly, they are generated by the Chebyshev polyn…
Commuting Jordan derivations on triangular rings are zero
本文证明三角环上的交换Jordan导子恒为零，并推广到满足特定条件的2-无挠半素环或满足条件(P)的环。
The aim of this paper is to study the probability that the commutator of an arbitrarily chosen pair of elements, each from two different subrings of a finite non-commutative ring equals a given element of that ring. We obtain several results on this probability including a computing formula, some bounds and characterizations.
When does an infinite ring have a finite compressed commuting graph?
本研究证明任意无限环都有无限非单位压缩交换图，以环的半直积为工具分类了具有有限单位压缩交换图的无限单位环，并由此分类了仅含有限个单位子环的无限单位环。
In a recent paper C. Miguel proved that the diameter of the commuting graph of the matrix ring $\mathrm{M}_n(\mathbb{R})$ is equal to $4$ either if $n=3$ or $n>4$. But the case $n=4$ remained open, since the diameter could be $4$ or $5$. In this work we close the problem showing that also in this case the diameter is equal to $4$.
Let $S$ be a subring of a finite ring $R$ and $C_R(S) = \{r \in R : rs = sr \;\forall\; s \in S\}$. The relative non-commuting graph of the subring $S$ in $R$, denoted by $Γ_{S, R}$, is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $R \setminus C_R(S)$ and two distinct vertices $a, b$ are adjacent if and only if $a$ or $b \in S$ and $ab \neq ba$. In this paper, we discuss some properties of $Γ_{S, R}$, determine diameter, girth, some dominating sets and chromatic index for $Γ_{S, R}$. Also, we derive some connections between $Γ_{S, R}$ and the relative commuting probability of $S$ in $R$. Fina…
Suppose $\mathfrak{R}$ is a $2$,$3$-torsion free unital alternative ring having an idempotent element $e_1$ $\left(e_2 = 1-e_1\right)$ which satisfies $x \mathfrak{R} \cdot e_i = \{0\} \rightarrow x = 0$ $\left(i = 1,2\right)$. In this paper, we aim to characterize the commuting maps. Let $φ$ be a commuting map of $\mathfrak{R}$ so it is shown that $φ(x) = zx + Ξ(x)$ for all $x \in \mathfrak{R}$, where $z \in \mathcal{Z}(\mathfrak{R})$ and $Ξ$ is an additive map from $\mathfrak{R}$ into $\mathcal{Z}(\mathfrak{R})$. As a consequence a characterization of anti-commuting maps is obtained and we p…
Let $S, K$ be two subrings of a finite ring $R$. Then the generalized non-commuting graph of subrings $S, K$ of $R$, denoted by $Γ_{S, K}$, is a simple graph whose vertex set is $(S \cup K) \setminus (C_K(S) \cup C_S(K))$ and two distinct vertices $a, b$ are adjacent if and only if $a \in S$ or $b \in S$ and $ab \neq ba$. We determine the diameter, girth and some dominating sets for $Γ_{S, K}$. Some connections between the $Γ_{S, K}$ and $\Pr(S, K)$ are also obtained. Further, $\Z$-isoclinism between two pairs of finite rings is defined and showed that the generalized non-commuting graphs of t…
Minimum second neighborhood degree energy of commuting graphs of finite rings
本文研究了有限非交换环的通交图的最小第二邻域度谱和能量，特别考虑了阶为p²、p³、p⁴、p⁵、p²q和p³q的非交换环，并证明这些环的通交图是MSN-积分但非MSN-超积分。最后，利用本文技术证明了Nath等人和Fasfous等人提出的猜想，并以两个开放问题结束。
Compressed commuting graphs of matrix rings
本文提出环的压缩交换图，通过合并生成相同子环的顶点构造，可诱导环范畴到图范畴的函子，证明其对有限域上矩阵代数是最优压缩，并计算了有限域及有限域上2×2矩阵环的对应压缩交换图。
For each non-commutative ring R, the commuting graph of R is a graph with vertex set $R\setminus Z(R)$ and two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $x\neq y$ and $xy=yx$. In this paper, we consider the domination and signed domination numbers on commuting graph $Γ(R)$ for non-commutative ring $R$ with $Z(R)=\{0\}$. For a finite ring $R$, it is shown that $γ(Γ(R)) + γ(\overlineΓ(R))=|R|$ if and only if $R$ is non-commutative ring on 4 elements. Also we determine the domination number of $Γ(\prod_{i=1}^{t}R_i)$ and commuting graph of non-commutative ring $R$ of order $p^3$, where $p$…
Power commuting and centralizing maps on the ring of strictly upper triangular matrices
本文研究了严格上三角矩阵环上满足特定交换和中心化条件的映射性质，揭示了2幂交换映射与中心化映射的结构特征。
This article presents a generalization of the RSA cryptosystem for rings with commuting ideals. An analogue of the Euler function for ideals and the concept of an RSA-ideal are defined. An analog of a cryptosystem for the ring with commuting ideals is formulated and a description of the RSA-ideals for which this is possible is obtained.
Let $M$ be a prime $Γ$-ring satisfying a certain assumption and $D$ a nonzero derivation on $M$. Let $f:M\rightarrow M$ be a generalized derivation such that $f$ is centralizing and commuting on a left ideal $J$ of $M$. Then we prove that $M$ is commutative.
A Basis Theorem for Rings with Commuting Operators in Characteristic Zero
本文受Kolchin与Cohn相关基定理启发，提出特征零且带有交换广义Hasse-Schmidt算子的多项式环的基定理，将Kolchin和Cohn的结果作为特例恢复。
We prove that the diameter of the commuting graph of the full ma- trix ring over the real numbers is at most five. This answers, in the affir- mative, a conjecture proposed by Akbari-Mohammadian-radjavi-Raja, for the special case of the field of real numbers.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring and ${\Bbb{A}}(R)$ be the set of ideals with non-zero annihilators. The annihilating-ideal graph of $R$ is defined as the graph ${\Bbb{AG}}(R)$ with vertex set ${\Bbb{A}}(R)^*={\Bbb{A}}\setminus\{(0)\}$ such that two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if $IJ=(0)$. We characterize commutative Noetherian rings $R$ whose annihilating-ideal graphs have finite genus $γ(\Bbb{AG}(R))$. It is shown that if $R$ is a Noetherian ring such that $0<γ(\Bbb{AG}(R))<\infty$, then $R$ has only finitely many ideals.
Let $k$ be an arbitrary field of characteristic zero, $k[x, y]$ be the polynomial ring and $D$ a $k$-derivation of the ring $k[x, y]$. Recall that a nonconstant polynomial $F\in k[x, y]$ is said to be a Darboux polynomial of the derivation $D$ if $D(F)=λF$ for some polynomial $λ\in k[x, y]$. We prove that any two linearly independent over the field $k$ commuting $k$-derivations $D_{1}$ and $D_{2}$ of the ring $k[x, y]$ either have a common Darboux polynomial, or $D_{1}=D_{u_{1}}, D_{2}=D_{u_{2}}$ are Jacobian derivations i.e., $D_{i}(f)=\det J(u_{i}, f)$ for every $f\in k[x, y], i=1, 2,$ where…
Points with Commuting Coordinates over Division Rings
本文研究除环和八元数代数上具可交换坐标点的多元多项式性质，证明多项式左倍式的零根特性，推导其与约化范数根的关系，并应用于离散代数动力学证明多项式迭代不动点的性质。
On the coordinate rings of Calogero-Moser spaces and the invariant commuting variety of a pair of matrices
本文研究第四个 Calogero–Moser 空间及四阶矩阵不变交换对的坐标环与 Poisson 括号，并据此计算其在复簇 Grothendieck 环中的类，进而揭示仿射平面点 Hilbert 概形几何的新认识。
Commuting and product-zero probability in finite rings
本文研究有限环的交换概率与乘积为零概率，证明相应概率受限时存在指数和导出结构阶均受限的理想，推广了 Neumann 的有限群定理。
On Commuting graphs of triangular rings
本文研究了非交换环上$2\times 2$上三角矩阵环的交换图，计算了$R$为有限域时的边数、团数及独立数，并证明了当$R=\mathbb{Z}_{n}$非域时该图连通且直径为3。
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, let $X$ and $Y$ be smooth irreducible algebraic curves over $k$, and let $D(X)$ and $D(Y)$ denote respectively the quotient division rings of the ring of differential operators of $X$ and $Y$. We show that if there is a $k$-algebra embedding of $D(X)$ into $D(Y)$ then the genus of $X$ must be less than or equal to the genus of $Y$, answering a question of the first-named author and Smoktunowicz.
On Polynomial Rings Over Nil Rings in Several Variables and the Central Closure of Prime Nil Rings
本文证明了幂零环上多元多项式环是Brown-McCoy根，且素幂零环的中心闭包非有单位元单环，解答了相关公开问题。
Let $R$ be a ring with unity. The cozero-divisor graph of a ring $R$ is an undirected simple graph whose vertices are the set of all non-zero and non-unit elements of $R$ and two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $x \notin Ry$ and $y \notin Rx$. The reduced cozero-divisor graph of a ring $R$, is an undirected simple graph whose vertex set is the set of all nontrivial principal ideals of $R$ and two distinct vertices $(a)$ and $(b)$ are adjacent if and only if $(a) \not\subset (b)$ and $(b) \not\subset (a)$. In this paper, we characterize all classes of finite non-local …
Let $R$ be a commutative ring and ${\Bbb{A}}(R)$ be the set of ideals with non-zero annihilators. The annihilating-ideal graph of $R$ is defined as the graph ${\Bbb{AG}}(R)$ with the vertex set ${\Bbb{A}}(R)^*={\Bbb{A}}\setminus\{(0)\}$ and two distinct vertices $I$ and $J$ are adjacent if and only if $IJ=(0)$. We investigate commutative rings $R$ whose annihilating-ideal graphs have positive genus $γ(\Bbb{AG}(R))$. It is shown that if $R$ is an Artinian ring such that $γ(\Bbb{AG}(R))<\infty$, then $R$ has finitely many ideals or $(R,\mathfrak{m})$ is a Gorenstein ring with maximal ideal $\mat…
Let $A$ be an algebra over a field $K$ of characteristic zero, let $\d_1, >..., \d_s\in \Der_K(A)$ be {\em commuting locally nilpotent} $K$-derivations such that $\d_i(x_j)=\d_{ij}$, the Kronecker delta, for some elements $x_1,..., x_s\in A$. A set of algebra generators for the algebra $A^\d:= \cap_{i=1}^s\ker (\d_i)$ is found {\em explicitly} and a set of {\em defining relations} for the algebra $A^\d$ is described. Similarly, given a set $\s_1, ..., \s_s\in \Aut_K(A)$ of {\em commuting} $K$-automorphisms of the algebra $A$ such that the maps $\s_i-{\rm id_A}$ are {\em locally nilpotent} and …
Let $D$ be a division algebra such that $D\t D^o$ is a Noetherian algebra, then any division subalgebra of $D$ is a {\em finitely generated} division algebra. Let $\D $ be a finite set of commuting derivations or automorphisms of the division algebra $D$, then the group $\Ev (\D)$ of common eigenvalues (i.e. {\em weights}) is a {\em finitely generated abelian} group. Typical examples of $D$ are the quotient division algebra ${\rm Frac} (\CD (X))$ of the ring of differential operators $\CD (X)$ on a smooth irreducible affine variety $X$ over a field $K$ of characteristic zero, and the quotient …
Let $\mathcal{R}$ be a $2$-torsion free commutative ring with unity, $X$ a locally finite pre-ordered set and $I(X,\mathcal{R})$ the incidence algebra of $X$ over $\mathcal{R}$. If $X$ consists of a finite number of connected components, in this paper we give a sufficient and necessary condition for each commuting map on $I(X,\mathcal{R})$ being proper.
On derivations and semiprime ideal of rings
本文研究了在特定条件下的环导出与半素理想的关系，证明了在满足特定微分恒等式时导出的交换性质，并给出了半素理想变体的结果。
Let R be a commutative ring and let n,m be two positive integers. Let be the polynomial ring in m x n commuting independent variables R. The symmetric group on n letters acts diagonally on A(n,m). We give generators and relations of the rings of invariants for this action.
On the uniform dimension of subextensions in skew polynomial rings
本文研究了斜多项式环中子扩展的均匀维度性质，揭示了在不同变量类型下子扩展行为的差异，并给出了相关结论。
Neighbors, neighbor graphs and invariant rings in coding theory
本文从邻点视角研究第三类和第四类码，扩展了二元自对偶码邻点图结果，并证明第二类码及其邻点的重量枚举子环有限生成，给出度24和亏格3的最小生成集。
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