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arXiv 2012.14031quant-ph
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Schmidt representation of 3-qubits with real amplitudes

Oscar Perdomo

英文摘要:

From the Schmidt representation we have that, up to local gates, every 2-qubit state can be written as $[ϕ\rangle=λ_1 [00\rangle+λ_2 [11\rangle$ with $λ_1$ and $λ_2$ real numbers. For 3-qubits states, it is known, PRL 2000 85, that up to local gates every 3-qubit state can be written as $[ϕ\rangle=λ_1 [000\rangle+λ_2 e^{i θ}[100\rangle+λ_3[101\rangle+λ_4[110\rangle+λ_5[111\rangle$ with $λ_i\ge0$ and $0\le θ\le π$. In this paper, we show that no every 3-qubit state with real amplitudes can be transform in the form $[ϕ\rangle=λ_1 [000\rangle+λ_2 [100\rangle+λ_3[101\rangle+λ_4[110\rangle+λ_5[111\rangle$ by using local gates in the orthogonal group (the group generated by $R_y(θ)$ and $X$ gates). We also show that, up to local gates in the orthogonal group, every 3-qubit with real amplitudes can be written as $[ϕ\rangle=λ_1 [000\rangle+λ_2 [011\rangle+λ_3[101\rangle+λ_4[110\rangle+λ_5[111\rangle$ with the $λ_i$ real numbers. An explanation of this result can be found in the youtube video \url{https://youtu.be/gDN20QHzsoQ}

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