In this article we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the strong maximum principle and compact support principle for non-negative solutions to the quasilinear elliptic inequalities $$Δ_\infty u + G(|Du|) - f(u)\,\leq 0\quad \text{in}\; \mathcal{O},$$ and $$Δ_\infty u + G(|Du|) - f(u)\,\geq 0\quad \text{in}\; \mathcal{O},$$ where $\mathcal{O}$ denotes the infinity Laplacian, $G$ is an appropriate continuous function and $f$ is a nondecreasing, continuous function with $f(0)=0$.
We study the interior Bernoulli free boundary problem for the infinity Laplacian. Our results cover existence, uniqueness, and characterization of solutions (above a threshold representing the "infinity Bernoulli constant"), their regularity, and their relationship with the solutions to the interior Bernoulli problem for the $p$-laplacian.
We prove the uniqueness for viscosity solutions of a differential equation involving the infinity-Laplacian with a variable exponent. A version of the Harnack's inequality is derived for this minimax problem.
This paper concerns with the study of the asymptotic behavior of the solutions to a family of fractional type problems on a bounded domain, satisfying homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The family of differential operators includes the fractional $p_n$-Laplacian when $p_n\to\infty$ as a particular case, tough it could be extended to a function of the Hölder quotient of order $s$, whose primitive is an Orlicz function satisfying appropriated growth conditions. The limit equation involves the Hölder infinity Laplacian.
In this work, we study regularity properties for nonvariational singular elliptic equations ruled by the infinity Laplacian. We obtain optimal $C^{1,α}$ regularity along the free boundary. We also show existence of solutions, nondegeneracy properties and fine geometric estimates for the free boundary.
We extend some theorems for the Infinity-Ground State and for the Infinity-Potential, known for convex polygons, to other domains in the plane, by applying Alexandroff's method to the curved boundary. A recent explicit solution disproves a conjecture.
We prove $L^\infty$ bounds and estimates of the modulus of continuity of solutions to the Poisson problem for the normalized infinity and $p$-Laplacian, namely \[ -Δ_p^N u=f\qquad\text{for $n<p\leq\infty$.} \] We are able to provide a stable family of results depending continuously on the parameter $p$. We also prove the failure of the classical Alexandrov-Bakelman-Pucci estimate for the normalized infinity Laplacian and propose alternate estimates.
We prove existence and uniqueness of viscosity solutions to the degenerate parabolic problem $u_t = Δ_\infty^h u$ where $Δ_\infty^h$ is the $h$-homogeneous operator associated with the infinity-Laplacian, $Δ_\infty^h u = |Du|^{h-3} < D^2uDu,Du>$. We also derive the asymptotic behavior of $u$ for the problem posed in the whole space and for the Dirichlet problem with zero boundary conditions.
We prove that the unique solution to the Dirichlet problem with constant source term for the inhomogeneous normalized infinity Laplacian on a convex domain of $\mathbb{R}^N$ is of class $C^1$. The result is obtained by showing as an intermediate step the power-concavity (of exponent $1/2$) of the solution.
We study a singularly perturbed problem related to infinity Laplacian operator with prescribed boundary values in a region. We prove that solutions are locally (uniformly) Lipschitz continuous, they grow as a linear function, are strongly non-degenerate and have porous level surfaces. Moreover, for some restricted cases we show the finiteness of the (n-1)-dimensional Hausdorff measure of level sets. The analysis of the asymptotic limits is carried out as well.
Motivated by tug-of-war games and asymptotic analysis of certain variational problems, we consider a gradient constraint problem involving the infinity Laplace operator. We prove that this problem always has a solution that is unique if a certain regularity condition on the constraint is satisfied. If this regularity condition fails, then solutions obtained from game theory and $L^p$-approximation need not coincide.
In this paper we consider a two-phase free boundary problem ruled by the infinity Laplacian. Our main result states that bounded viscosity solutions in $B_1$ are universally Lipschitz continuous in $B_{1/2}$, which is the optimal regularity for the problem. We make a new use of the Ishii-Lions' method, which works as a surrogate for the lack of a monotonicity formula and is bound to be applicable in related problems.
We study the Cauchy problem for the parabolic infinity Laplace equation. We prove a new comparison principle and obtain uniqueness of viscosity solutions in the class of functions with a polinomial growth at infinity, improving previous results obtained assuming a linear growth.
Under the lack of variational structure and nondegeneracy, we investigate three notions of \textit{generalized principal eigenvalue} for a general infinity Laplacian operator with gradient and homogeneous term. A Harnack inequality and boundary Harnack inequality are proved to support our analysis. This is a continuation of our first work [3] and a contribution in the development of the theory of \textit{generalized principal eigenvalue} beside the works [8, 13, 12, 9, 29]. We use these notions to characterize the validity of maximum principle and study the existence, nonexistence and uniquene…
In this paper, we prove new Liouville type results for a nonlinear equation involving infinity Laplacian with gradient of the form $$Δ^γ_\infty u + q(x)\cdot \nabla{u} |\nabla{u}|^{2-γ} + f(x, u)\,=\,0\quad \text{in}\; \mathbb{R}^d,$$ where $γ\in [0, 2]$ and $Δ^γ_\infty$ is a $(3-γ)$-homogeneous operator associated with the infinity Laplacian. Under the assumptions $\liminf_{|x|\to\infty}\lim_{s\to0}f(x,s)/s^{3-γ}>0$ and $q$ is a continuous function vanishing at infinity, we construct a positive bounded solution to the equation and if $f(x,s)/s^{3-γ}$ decreasing in $s$, we further obtain the u…
In this paper we show how to use a Tug-of-War game to obtain existence of a viscosity solution to the infinity laplacian with non-homogeneous mixed boundary conditions. For a Lipschitz and positive function $g$ there exists a viscosity solution of the mixed boundary value problem, $$ \{\begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle -Δ_{\infty}u(x)=0\quad & \text{in} Ω, \displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}(x)= g (x)\quad & \text{on} Γ_N, \displaystyle u(x)= 0 \quad & \text{on} Γ_D. \end{array}. $$
We give a complete characterization, as "stadium-like domains", of convex subsets $Ω$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$ where a solution exists to Serrin-type overdetermined boundary value problems in which the operator is either the infinity Laplacian or its normalized version. In case of the not-normalized operator, our results extend those obtained in a previous work, where the problem was solved under some geometrical restrictions on $Ω$. In case of the normalized operator, we also show that stadium-like domains are precisely the unique convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$ where the solution to a Dirichlet probl…
We study an eigenvalue problem for the infinity-Laplacian on bounded domains. We prove the existence of the principal eigenvalue and a corresponding positive eigenfunction. The work also contains existence results when the parameter, in the equation, is less than the first eigenvalue. A comparison principle applicable to these problems is also proven. Some additional results are shown, in particular, that on star- shaped domains and on C^2 domains higher eigenfunctions change sign. When the domain is a ball, we prove that the first eigenfunction has one sign, radial principal eigenfunction exi…
We derive sharp regularity for viscosity solutions of an inhomogeneous infinity Laplace equation across the free boundary, when the right hand side does not change sign and satisfies a certain growth condition. We prove geometric regularity estimates for solutions and conclude that once the source term is comparable to a homogeneous function, then the free boundary is a porous set and hence, has zero Lebesgue measure. Additionally, we derive a Liouville type theorem. When near the origin the right hand side grows not faster than third degree homogeneous function, we show that if a non-negative…
In this paper we prove that a function $ u\in\mathcal{C}(\barΩ)$ is the continuous value of the Tug-of-War game described in \cite{PSSW} if and only if it is the unique viscosity solution to the infinity laplacian with mixed boundary conditions {-Δ_{\infty}u(x)=0\quad & \text{in} Ω, \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}(x)=0\quad & \text{on} Γ_N, u(x)=F(x)\quad & \text{on} Γ_D. By using the results in \cite{PSSW}, it follows that this viscous PDE problem has a unique solution, which is the unique {\it absolutely minimizing Lipschitz extension} to the whole $\barΩ$ (in the sense of \cite{Aronsson} and …
In this paper we find viscosity solutions to an elliptic system governed by two different operators (the Laplacian and the infinity Laplacian) using a probabilistic approach. We analyze a game that combines the Tug-of-War with Random Walks in two different boars. We show that these value functions converge uniformly to a viscosity solution of the elliptic system as the step size goes to zero. In addition, we show uniqueness for the elliptic system using pure PDE techniques.
We study a nonlinear porous medium type equation involving the infinity Laplacian operator. We first consider the problem posed on a bounded domain and prove existence of maximal nonnegative viscosity solutions. Uniqueness is obtained for strictly positive solutions with Lipschitz in time data. We also describe the asymptotic behaviour for the Dirichlet problem in the class of maximal solutions. We then discuss the Cauchy problem posed in the whole space. As in the standard porous medium equation (PME), solutions which start with compact support exhibit a free boundary propagating with finite …
We study the asymptotic behavior as $p\to\infty$ of the Gelfand problem \[ -Δ_{p} u=λ\,e^{u}\ \textrm{in}\ Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^n,\quad u=0 \ \textrm{on}\ \partialΩ. \] Under an appropriate rescaling on $u$ and $λ$, we prove uniform convergence of solutions of the Gelfand problem to solutions of \[ \min\left\{|\nabla{}u|-Λ\,e^{u}, -Δ_{\infty}u\right\}=0\ \textrm{in}\ Ω,\quad u=0\ \text{on}\ \partialΩ. \] We discuss existence, non-existence, and multiplicity of solutions of the limit problem in terms of $Λ$.
The article is an attempt to investigate the issues of asymptotic analysis for problems involving fractional Laplacian where the domains tend to become unbounded in one-direction. Motivated from the pioneering work on second order elliptic problems by Chipot and Rougirel, where the force functions are considered on the cross section of domains, we prove the non-local counterpart of their result. Furthermore, recently Yeressian established a weighted estimate for solutions of nonlocal Dirichlet problems which exhibit the asymptotic behavior. The case whens= 1=2 was also treated as an example to…
We propose two asymptotic expansions of two interrelated integral-type averages, in the context of the fractional $\infty$-Laplacian $Δ_\infty^s$ for $s\in (\frac{1}{2},1)$. This operator has been introduced and first studied in [Bjorland, C., Caffarelli, L. and Figalli, A., \textsl{Nonlocal Tug-of-War and the inifnity fractional Laplacian}, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., \textbf{65}, pp. 337--380, (2012)]. Our expansions are parametrised by the radius of the removed singularity $ε$, and allow for the identification of $Δ_\infty^sϕ(x)$ as the $ε^{2s}$-order coefficient of the deviation of the $ε$-ave…
Motivated by the "tug-of-war" game studied in [12], we consider a "non-local" version of the game which goes as follows: at every step two players pick respectively a direction and then, instead of flipping a coin in order to decide which direction to choose and then moving of a fixed amount $ε>0$ (as is done in the classical case), it is a $s$-stable Levy process which chooses at the same time both the direction and the distance to travel. Starting from this game, we heuristically we derive a deterministic non-local integro-differential equation that we call "infinity fractional Laplacian". W…
We study a Dirichlet-type boundary value problem for a pseudodifferential equation driven by the fractional Laplacian, proving the existence of three nonzero solutions. When the reaction term is sublinear at infinity, we apply the second deformation theorem and spectral theory. When the reaction term is superlinear at infinity, we apply the mountain pass theorem and Morse theory.
We give a self-contained and elementary proof for boundedness, existence, and uniqueness of solutions to dynamic programming principles (DPP) for biased tug-of-war games with running costs. The domain we work in is very general, and as a special case contains metric spaces. Technically, we introduce game-trees and show that a discretized flow converges uniformly, from which we obtain not only the existence, but also the uniqueness. Our arguments are entirely deterministic, and also do not rely on (semi-)continuity in any way; in particular, we do not need to mollify the DPP at the boundary for…
Aim of this paper is to prove necessary and sufficient conditions on the geometry of a domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ in order that the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the infinity-Laplace equation in $Ω$ with constant source term admits a viscosity solution depending only on the distance from $\partial Ω$. This problem was previously addressed and studied by Buttazzo and Kawohl. In the light of some geometrical achievements reached in our recent paper "On the characterization of some classes of proximally smooth sets", we revisit the results obtained by Buttazzo and Kawohl and we prove stre…
The purpose of this paper is to formulate sufficient existence conditions for a critical equation involving the $p(x)$-Laplacian posed in $\mathbb{R}^N$. This equation is critical in the sense that the source term has the form $K(x)|u|^{q(x)-2}u$ with an exponent $q$ that can be equal to the critical exponent $p^*$ at some points of $\mathbb{R}^N$ including at infinity. The sufficient existence conditions we find are local in the sense that they depend only on the behaviour of the exponents $p$ and $q$ near these points. We stress that we do not assume any symmetry or periodicity of the coeffi…
Our purpose in this paper is to provide a self contained account of the inhomogeneous Dirichlet problem $Δ_\infty u=f(x,u)$ where $u$ takes a prescribed continuous data on the boundary of bounded domains. We employ a combination of Perron's method and a priori estimates to give general sufficient conditions on the right hand side $f$ that would ensure existence of viscosity solutions to the Dirichlet problem. Examples show that these sufficient conditions may not be relaxed. We also identify a class of inhomogeneous terms for which the corresponding Dirichlet problem has no solution in any dom…
We consider a Dirichlet type problem for a nonlinear, nonlocal equation driven by the degenerate fractional p-Laplacian, whose reaction combines a sublinear term depending on a positive parameter and an asymmetric perturbation (superlinear at positive infinity, at most linear at negative infinity). By means of critical point theory and Morse theory, we prove that, for small enough values of the parameter, such problem admits at least four nontrivial solutions: two positive, one negative, and one nodal. As a tool, we prove a Brezis-Oswald type comparison result.
We study regularity properties of solutions to reaction-diffusion equations ruled by the infinity laplacian operator. We focus our analysis in models presenting plateaus, i.e. regions where a non-negative solution vanishes identically. We obtain sharp geometric regularity estimates for solutions along the boundary of plateaus sets. In particular we show that the $(n-ε)$-Hausdorff measure of the plateaus boundary is finite, for a universal number $ε>0$.
In this paper, we prove a maximum principle for the $p$-Laplacian with a sign-changing weight. As an application of this maximum principle, we study the existence of one-sign solutions for a class of quasilinear elliptic problems.
We consider a $(p,2)$-equation, that is, a nonlinear nonhomogeneous elliptic equation driven by the sum of a $p$-Laplacian and a Laplacian with $p>2$. The reaction term is $(p-1)$-linear but exhibits asymmetric behaviour at $\pm\infty$ and at $0^{\pm}$. Using variational tools, together with truncation and comparison techniques and Morse theory, we prove two multiplicity theorems, one of them providing sign information for all the solutions (positive, negative, nodal).
This paper is concerned with the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem associated to the $\infty$-Laplacian in metric spaces. We establish a direct PDE approach to find the principal eigenvalue and eigenfunctions in a proper geodesic space without assuming any measure structure. We provide an appropriate notion of solutions to the $\infty$-eigenvalue problem and show the existence of solutions by adapting Perron's method. Our method is different from the standard limit process via the variational eigenvalue formulation for $p$-Laplacian in the Euclidean space.
We study the behavior as $p\rightarrow\infty$ of $u_{p},$ a positive least energy solution of the problem \[ \left\{\begin{array} [c]{lll} \left[ \left( -Δ_{p}\right) ^α+\left( -Δ_{q(p)}\right) ^β\right] u=μ_{p}\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{\infty}^{p-2} u(x_{u})δ_{x_{u}} & \mathrm{in} & Ω\\ u=0 & \mathrm{in} & \mathbb{R}^{N}\setminusΩ\\ \left\vert u(x_{u})\right\vert =\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{\infty}, & & \end{array} \right. \] where $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$ is a bounded, smooth domain, $δ_{x_{u}}$ is the Dirac delta distribution supported at $x_{u},$ \[ \lim_{p\rightarrow\infty}\frac{q(p)}{p}=Q…
The purpose of this paper is to prove the uniqueness theorem of solutions of eigenvalue equations on one end of Riemannian manifolds for drift Laplacians, including the standard Laplacian as a special case; we shall impose "a sort of radiation condition" at infinity on solutions. We shall also provide several Riemannian manifolds whose Laplacians satisfy the absence of embedded eigenvalues and besides the absolutely continuity, although growth orders of their metrics on ends are very complicated.
We give a unified approach to strong maximum principles for a large class of nonlocal operators of the order $s\in(0,1)$, that includes the Dirichlet, the Neumann Restricted (or Regional) and the Neumann Semirestricted Laplacians.
Maximum Principles on unbounded domains play a crucial rôle in several problems related to linear second-order PDEs of elliptic and parabolic type. In this paper we consider a class of sub-elliptic operators $\mathcal{L}$ in $\mathbb{R}^N$ and we establish some criteria for an unbounded open set to be a Maximum Principle set for $\mathcal{L}$. We extend some classical results related to the Laplacian (by Deny, Hayman and Kennedy) and to the sub-Laplacians on stratified Lie groups (by Bonfiglioli and the second-named author).
We completely resolve the boundary value problem for differential forms and conformally Einstein infinity in terms of the dual Hahn polynomials. Consequently, we produce explicit formulas for the Branson-Gover operators on Einstein manifolds and prove their representation as a product of second order operators. This leads to an explicit description of $Q$-curvature and gauge companion operators on differential forms.
In this paper we extend two nowadays classical results to a nonlinear Dirichlet problem to equations involving the fractional $p-$Laplacian. The first result is a existence in a non-resonant range more specific between the first and second eigenvalue of the fractional $p-$Laplacian. The second result is the anti-maximum principle for the fractional $p-$Laplacian.
We study a free boundary optimization problem in heat conduction, ruled by the infinity-Laplace operator, with lower temperature bound and a volume constraint. We obtain existence and regularity results and derive geometric properties for the solution and the free boundaries.
In this paper, we study some potential theoretic aspects of the eikonal and infinity Laplace operator on a Finsler manifold $M$. Our main result shows that the forward completeness of $M$ can be detected in terms of Liouville properties and maximum principles at infinity for subsolutions of suitable inequalities, including $Δ^N_\infty u \ge g(u)$. Also, an $\infty$-capacity criterion and a viscosity version of Ekeland principle are proved to be equivalent to the forward completeness of $M$. Part of the proof hinges on a new boundary-to-interior Lipschitz estimate for solutions of $Δ^N_\infty u…
This article concerns new off-diagonal estimates on the remainder and its derivatives in the pointwise Weyl law on a compact n-dimensional Riemannian manifold. As an application, we prove that near any non self-focal point, the scaling limit of the spectral projector of the Laplacian onto frequency windows of constant size is a normalized Bessel function depending only on n.
Given an open bounded subset $Ω$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$, which is convex and satisfies an interior sphere condition, we consider the pde $-Δ_{\infty} u = 1$ in $Ω$, subject to the homogeneous boundary condition $u = 0$ on $\partial Ω$. We prove that the unique solution to this Dirichlet problem is power-concave (precisely, 3/4 concave) and it is of class $C ^1(Ω)$. We then investigate the overdetermined Serrin-type problem obtained by adding the extra boundary condition $|\nabla u| = a$ on $\partial Ω$; by using a suitable $P$-function we prove that, if $Ω$ satisfies the same assumptions as above a…
The main purpose of this paper is to establish the existence of positive solutions to a class of quasilinear elliptic equations involving the (p-q)-Laplacian operator. We consider a nonlinearity that can be subcritical at infinity and supercritical at the origin; we also consider potential functions that can vanish at infinity. The approach is based on variational arguments dealing with the mountain-pass lemma and an adaptation of the penalization method. In order to overcome the lack of compactness we modify the original problem and the associated energy functional. Finally, to show that the …
In this note we give three counter-examples which show that the Maximum Principle generally fails for classical solutions of a system and a single equation related to the $\infty$-Laplacian. The first is the tangential part of the $\infty$-Laplace system and the second is the scalar $\infty$-Laplace equation perturbed by a linear gradient term. The interpretations of the Maximum Principle for the system are that of the Convex Hull Property and also of the Maximum Principle of the modulus of the solution.
We introduce a notion of fractional Laplacian for functions which grow more than linearly at infinity. In such case, the operator is not defined in the classical sense: nevertheless, we can give an ad-hoc definition which can be useful for applications in various fields, such as blowup and free boundary problems. In this setting, when the solution has a polynomial growth at infinity, the right hand side of the equation is not just a function, but an equivalence class of functions modulo polynomials of a fixed order. We also give a sharp version of the Schauder estimates in this framework, in w…
This paper deals with the obstacle problem for the infinity Laplacian. The main results are a characterization of the solution through comparison with cones that lie above the obstacle and the sharp $C^{1,1/3}$--regularity at the free boundary.
