了解记忆B细胞的选择
Understanding Memory B Cell Selection
摘要：
哺乳动物的适应性免疫系统已经进化了数百万年，成为一种非常有效的防御外来抗原的系统。适应性免疫系统的体液反应产生血浆B细胞和记忆B细胞，每种细胞都有自己的免疫目标。亲和力成熟过程被广泛视为解决寻找对抗原具有高亲和力的B细胞的全局优化问题的启发式方法。然而，记忆B细胞似乎在亲和力成熟过程中被有意地选择得更早，并且具有较低的亲和力。我们提出，这种记忆B细胞的选择过程可能是两个优化问题的近似解决方案：优化亲和力相似的抗原在未来，尽管突变或其他微小的差异，并优化热启动血浆B细胞的产生在未来。我们使用模拟来为我们的假设提供证据，并考虑到数据显示某些B细胞突变比其他细胞更有可能。我们的研究结果与记忆B细胞对突变抗原具有高亲和力一致，但没有提供强有力的证据表明记忆B细胞比选择的幼稚B细胞更适用于接种次级生殖中心。
英文摘要：
The mammalian adaptive immune system has evolved over millions of years to become an incredibly effective defense against foreign antigens. The adaptive immune system's humoral response creates plasma B cells and memory B cells, each with their own immunological objectives. The affinity maturation process is widely viewed as a heuristic to solve the global optimization problem of finding B cells with high affinity to the antigen. However, memory B cells appear to be purposely selected earlier in the affinity maturation process and have lower affinity. We propose that this memory B cell selection process may be an approximate solution to two optimization problems: optimizing for affinity to similar antigens in the future despite mutations or other minor differences, and optimizing to warm start the generation of plasma B cells in the future. We use simulations to provide evidence for our hypotheses, taking into account data showing that certain B cell mutations are more likely than others. Our findings are consistent with memory B cells having high-affinity to mutated antigens, but do not provide strong evidence that memory B cells will be more useful than selected naive B cells for seeding the secondary germinal centers.
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