Noah Brustle, Sarah Clusiau, Vishnu V. Narayan, Ndiamé Ndiaye, Bruce Reed, Ben Seamone
We show that there is a constant C such that for any $b<\frac{n}{\ln{n}}-\frac{Cn}{(\ln{n})^{3/2}}$, Maker wins the Maker-Breaker Hamilton cycle game in $n+\frac{Cn}{\sqrt{\ln{n}}}$ steps.
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In this paper we study the (a : b) Maker-Breaker Connectivity game, played on the edge-set of the complete graph on n vertices. We determine the winner for almost all values of a and b.
We study (a:a) Maker-Breaker games played on the edge set of the complete graph on n vertices. In the following four games - perfect matching game, Hamilton cycle game, star factor game and path factor game, our goal is to determine the least number of moves which Maker needs in order to win these games. Moreover, for all games except for the star factor game, we show how Red can win in the strong version of these games.
We study biased {\em orientation games}, in which the board is the complete graph $K_n$, and Maker and Breaker take turns in directing previously undirected edges of $K_n$. At the end of the game, the obtained graph is a tournament. Maker wins if the tournament has some property $\mathcal P$ and Breaker wins otherwise. We provide bounds on the bias that is required for a Maker's win and for a Breaker's win in three different games. In the first game Maker wins if the obtained tournament has a cycle. The second game is Hamiltonicity, where Maker wins if the obtained tournament contains a Hamilt…
We show that Maker wins the Maker-Breaker perfect matching game in $\frac{n}{2}+o(n)$ turns when the bias is at least $\frac{n}{\log{n}}-\frac{f(n)n}{(\log{n})^{5/4}}$, for any $f$ going to infinity with $n$ and $n$ sufficiently large (in terms of $f$).
Fast strategies in biased Maker--Breaker games
研究有偏 Maker–Breaker 博弈中 Maker 在完美匹配和哈密顿圈博弈中获胜所需的最少步数，给出了依赖于 Breaker 偏差 $b$ 的界限。
We present a general approach connecting biased Maker-Breaker games and problems about local resilience in random graphs. We utilize this approach to prove new results and also to derive some known results about biased Maker-Breaker games. In particular, we show that for $b=o\left(\sqrt{n}\right)$, Maker can build a pancyclic graph (that is, a graph that contains cycles of every possible length) while playing a $(1:b)$ game on $E(K_n)$. As another application, we show that for $b=Θ\left(n/\ln n\right)$, playing a $(1:b)$ game on $E(K_n)$, Maker can build a graph which contains copies of all sp…
We introduce and study a Maker-Breaker type game in which the issue is to create or avoid two disjoint dominating sets in graphs without isolated vertices. We prove that the maker has a winning strategy on all connected graphs if the game is started by the breaker. This implies the same in the $(2:1)$ biased game also in the maker-start game. It remains open to characterize the maker-win graphs in the maker-start non-biased game, and to analyze the $(a:b)$ biased game for $(a:b)\neq (2:1)$. For a more restricted variant of the non-biased game we prove that the maker can win on every graph with…
In this paper we consider biased Maker-Breaker games played on the edge set of a given graph $G$. We prove that for every $δ>0$ and large enough $n$, there exists a constant $k$ for which if $δ(G)\geq δn$ and $χ(G)\geq k$, then Maker can build an odd cycle in the $(1:b)$ game for $b=O(\frac{n}{\log^2 n})$. We also consider the analogous game where Maker and Breaker claim vertices instead of edges. This is a special case of the following well known and notoriously difficult problem due to Duffus, Łuczak and Rödl: is it true that for any positive constants $t$ and $b$, there exists an integer $k…
Given a tree $T=(V,E)$ on $n$ vertices, we consider the $(1 : q)$ Maker-Breaker tree embedding game ${\mathcal T}_n$. The board of this game is the edge set of the complete graph on $n$ vertices. Maker wins ${\mathcal T}_n$ if and only if he is able to claim all edges of a copy of $T$. We prove that there exist real numbers $α, ε> 0$ such that, for sufficiently large $n$ and for every tree $T$ on $n$ vertices with maximum degree at most $n^ε$, Maker has a winning strategy for the $(1 : q)$ game ${\mathcal T}_n$, for every $q \leq n^α$. Moreover, we prove that Maker can win this game within $n …
In the $(a,b)$-biased Maker-Breaker domination game, two players alternately select unplayed vertices in a graph $G$ such that Dominator selects $a$ and Staller selects $b$ vertices per move. Dominator wins if the vertices he selected during the game form a dominating set of $G$, while Staller wins if she can prevent Dominator from achieving this goal. Given a positive integer $b$, Dominator's threshold, $\textrm{a}_b$, is the minimum $a$ such that Dominator wins the $(a,b)$-biased game on $G$ when he starts the game. Similarly, $\textrm{a}'_b$ denotes the minimum $a$ such that Dominator wins …
Structure-biased Maker-Breaker Games
本研究提出结构偏置的Maker-Breaker博弈变体，要求Breaker每回合选取特定结构的边，并确立了三角形、连通性和哈密顿性博弈在团、匹配和星偏置下的阈值偏置数量级，表明结构对Breaker构成重大障碍。
In this paper we analyze biased Maker-Breaker games and Avoider-Enforcer games, both played on the edge set of a random board $G\sim \gnp$. In Maker-Breaker games there are two players, denoted by Maker and Breaker. In each round, Maker claims one previously unclaimed edge of $G$ and Breaker responds by claiming $b$ previously unclaimed edges. We consider the Hamiltonicity game, the perfect matching game and the $k$-vertex-connectivity game, where Maker's goal is to build a graph which possesses the relevant property. Avoider-Enforcer games are the reverse analogue of Maker-Breaker games with …
We prove that a random graph $G(n,p)$, with $p$ above the Hamiltonicity threshold, is typically such that for any $r$-colouring of its edges there exists a Hamilton cycle with at least $(2/(r+ 1)-o(1))n$ edges of the same colour. This estimate is asymptotically optimal.
A minimum-degree threshold for colour-biased Hamilton cycles in hypergraphs
该研究确定了使双色3-超图存在颜色偏置紧哈密顿环的渐近最优最小顶点度条件，证实了相关学者提出的猜想。
Biased domination games
本文研究有偏 Maker-Breaker 支配博弈，完整刻画了支配者在树上具有获胜策略的条件，给出路径和圈的幂图上的精确获胜轮数，并为所有树提供不依赖于 b 的最优界，同时讨论了最小度条件及拖延者获胜时支配者仍能支配的顶点数。
In a biased weak $(a,b)$ polyform achievement game, the maker and the breaker alternately mark $a,b$ previously unmarked cells on an infinite board, respectively. The maker's goal is to mark a set of cells congruent to a polyform. The breaker tries to prevent the maker from achieving this goal. A winning maker strategy for the $(a,b)$ game can be built from winning strategies for games involving fewer marks for the maker and the breaker. A new type of breaker strategy called the priority strategy is introduced. The winners are determined for all $(a,b)$ pairs for polyiamonds and polyominoes up…
A biased edge coloring game
本文定义非对称 $(m,1)$-边着色博弈及博弈色指数，给出树上界，确定部分毛虫图和所有轮图的精确值，并证明增大 $m$ 未必降低色指数。
Constructions for positional games and applications to domination games
该研究提出有偏位置博弈的构造，证明其结果受先手影响且公平有偏博弈具非单调性，构建迁移装置拓展Maker-Breaker支配博弈时长结果，还引入Waiter-Client支配博弈并给出树与环上的紧性结果及一般时长差异结论。
We prove that in the biased 1:b Hamiltonicity Maker-Breaker game, played on the edges of the complete graph K_n, Maker has a winning strategy for b(n)<=(1-o(1))n/ln n, for all large enough n.
A complete solution to the biased Alon-Krivelevich-Spencer-Szabó criterion problem for the discrepancy game
针对有限超图上的有偏差异博弈，给出了Balancer迫使偏差在指定区间内的显式指数条件，完全解决了Alon等人提出的有偏版本问题。
A large class of Positional Games are defined on the complete graph on $n$ vertices. The players, Maker and Breaker, take the edges of the graph in turns, and Maker wins iff his subgraph has a given -- usually monotone -- property. Here we introduce the $d$-diameter game, which means that Maker wins iff the diameter of his subgraph is at most $d$. We investigate the biased version of the game; i.e., when the players may take more than one, and not necessarily the same number of edges, in a turn. Our main result is that we proved that the $2$-diameter game has the following surprising property:…
Colour-biased Hamilton cycles in randomly perturbed graphs
本文研究随机扰动图中颜色偏置哈密顿圈的存在性，证明添加 $O(n)$ 条随机边可在最小度条件下保证 $Ω(n)$ 颜色偏置，并刻画了临界端点处 $Ω(m)$ 颜色偏置的相变行为。
In a $(1:b)$ biased Maker-Breaker game, how good a strategy is for a player can be measured by the bias range for which its rival can win, choosing an appropriate counterstrategy. Bednarska and Łuczak proved that, in the $H$-subgraph game, the uniformly random strategy for Maker is essentially optimal with high probability. Here we prove an analogous result for the $H$-graph minor game, and we study for which choices of $H$ the random strategy is within a factor of $1+o(1)$ of being optimal.
We study the two-player game where Maker and Breaker alternately color the edges of a given graph $G$ with $k$ colors such that adjacent edges never get the same color. Maker's goal is to play such that at the end of the game, all edges are colored. Vice-versa, Breaker wins as soon as there is an uncolored edge where every color is blocked. The game chromatic index $χ'_g(G)$ denotes the smallest $k$ for which Maker has a winning strategy. The trivial bounds $Δ(G) \le χ_g'(G) \le 2Δ(G)-1$ hold for every graph $G$, where $Δ(G)$ is the maximum degree of $G$. In 2008, Beveridge, Bohman, Frieze, an…
The concept of biased Maker-Breaker games, introduced by Chvátal and Erd{\H o}s, is a central topic in the field of positional games, with deep connections to the theory of random structures. For any given hypergraph ${\cal H}$ the main questions is to determine the smallest bias $q({\cal H})$ that allows Breaker to force that Maker ends up with an independent set of ${\cal H}$. Here we prove matching general winning criteria for Maker and Breaker when the game hypergraph satisfies a couple of natural `container-type' regularity conditions about the degree of subsets of its vertices. This will…
Layer barriers for colour-biased tight Hamilton cycles
本文针对均匀超图构造有色偏紧致哈密顿环的层状障碍，通过 $k=17$、$a=8$ 的反例及渐近分析，揭示其内部成员与边界构造的行为差异。
A biased graph is a graph $G$, together with a distinguished subset $\mathcal{B}$ of its cycles so that no Theta-subgraph of $G$ contains precisely two cycles in $\mathcal{B}$. A large number of biased graphs can be constructed by choosing $G$ to be a complete graph, and $\mathcal{B}$ to be an arbitrary subset of its Hamilton cycles. We show that, on the logarithmic scale, the total number of simple biased graphs on $n$ vertices does not asymptotically exceed the number that can be constructed in this elementary way.
We consider biased $(1:b)$ Walker-Breaker games: Walker and Breaker alternately claim edges of the complete graph $K_n$, Walker taking one edge and Breaker claiming $b$ edges in each round, with the constraint that Walker needs to choose her edges according to a walk. As questioned in a paper by Espig, Frieze, Krivelevich and Pegden, we study how long a cycle Walker is able to create and for which biases $b$ Walker has a chance to create a cycle of given constant length.
Stake-governed tug-of-war and the biased infinity Laplacian
本文研究了具有分配预算的拔河游戏，分析了游戏价值、纳什均衡及有偏无穷拉普拉斯算子的性质。
We study two biassed Maker-Breaker games played on the complete digraph $\vec{K}_n$. In the strong connectivity game, Maker wants to build a strongly connected subgraph. We determine the asymptotic optimal bias for this game viz. $\frac{n}{\log n}$. In the Hamiltonian game, Maker wants to build a Hamiltonian subgraph. We determine the asymptotic optimal bias for this game up to a constant factor.
We consider biased $(1:b)$ Avoider-Enforcer games in the monotone and strict versions. In particular, we show that Avoider can keep his graph being a forest for every but maybe the last round of the game if $b \geq 200 n \ln n$. By this we obtain essentially optimal upper bounds on the threshold biases for the non-planarity game, the non-$k$-colorability game, and the $K_t$-minor game thus addressing a question and improving the results of Hefetz, Krivelevich, Stojaković, and Szabó. Moreover, we give a slight improvement for the lower bound in the non-planarity game.
Some Maker-Breaker games on hypergraphs
该研究针对n顶点完全k-均匀超图上的带偏置Maker-Breaker博弈，分析了Maker以最小度m、满秩关联矩阵、Berge哈密顿环、完美匹配或哈密顿ℓ-环为目标性质的博弈情况。
Spanning Structures in Walker--Breaker Games
本文研究偏差为 $(2:b)$ 的 Walker--Breaker 博弈，证明在连通性博弈和哈密顿圈博弈中，即使 Breaker 偏差达 $n/\ln n$，Walker 仍能获胜。
We look at the unbiased Maker-Breaker Hamiltonicity game played on the edge set of a complete graph $K_n$, where Maker's goal is to claim a Hamiltonian cycle. First, we prove that, independent of who starts, Maker can win the game for $n = 8$ and $n = 9$. Then we use an inductive argument to show that, independent of who starts, Maker can win the game if and only if $n \geq 8$. This, in particular, resolves in the affirmative the long-standing conjecture of Papaioannou. We also study two standard positional games related to Hamiltonicity game. For Hamiltonian Path game, we show that Maker can …
We study a recently introduced two-person combinatorial game, the $(a,b)$-monochromatic clique transversal game which is played by Alice and Bob on a graph $G$. As we observe, this game is equivalent to the $(b,a)$-biased Maker-Breaker game played on the clique-hypergraph of $G$. Our main results concern the threshold bias $a_1(G)$ that is the smallest integer $a$ such that Alice can win in the $(a,1)$-monochromatic clique transversal game on $G$ if she is the first to play. Among other results, we determine the possible values of $a_1(G)$ for the disjoint union of graphs, prove a formula for …
Maker playing against an invisible Breaker
该研究首次提出Maker-Breaker位置博弈的幻影版本，研究棋盘为K_n边集、Maker不知对手选择的(a:b)有偏博弈，为四类经典博弈双方设计随机策略，刻画了Maker渐近几乎必胜的偏置条件。
Let $r \ge 4$ be an integer and consider the following game on the complete graph $K_n$ for $n \in r \mathbb{Z}$: Two players, Maker and Breaker, alternately claim previously unclaimed edges of $K_n$ such that in each turn Maker claims one and Breaker claims $b \in \mathbb{N}$ edges. Maker wins if her graph contains a $K_r$-factor, that is a collection of $n/r$ vertex-disjoint copies of $K_r$, and Breaker wins otherwise. In other words, we consider a $b$-biased $K_r$-factor Maker-Breaker game. We show that the threshold bias for this game is of order $n^{2/(r+2)}$. This makes a step towards de…
Optimal stability results on color-biased Hamilton cycles
本文研究边着色图中 Hamilton 圈的颜色偏向问题，证明在最小度约为 n/2 加 Θ(m) 时，若所有 Hamilton 圈均接近颜色平衡，则图必接近已知极值构造，并说明阈值与误差项均最优。
On a clique-building game of Erdős
本文研究 Erdős 于 1983 年提出的团构建博弈猜想，证明玩家 2 对至少四分之三的 $n\geq3$ 必胜，并分析其偏置版本及对应度数构建博弈。
We introduce and study Maker/Breaker-type positional games on random graphs. Our main concern is to determine the threshold probability $p_{F}$ for the existence of Maker's strategy to claim a member of $F$ in the unbiased game played on the edges of random graph $G(n,p)$, for various target families $F$ of winning sets. More generally, for each probability above this threshold we study the smallest bias $b$ such that Maker wins the $(1\:b)$ biased game. We investigate these functions for a number of basic games, like the connectivity game, the perfect matching game, the clique game and the Ha…
Tipsy cop and tipsy robber: collisions of biased random walks on graphs
本文重新定义微醉警察与微醉强盗博弈的四种回合结果，并在无限网格和多类无限树上分析双方策略。
For an increasing monotone graph property $\mP$ the \emph{local resilience} of a graph $G$ with respect to $\mP$ is the minimal $r$ for which there exists of a subgraph $H\subseteq G$ with all degrees at most $r$ such that the removal of the edges of $H$ from $G$ creates a graph that does not possesses $\mP$. This notion, which was implicitly studied for some ad-hoc properties, was recently treated in a more systematic way in a paper by Sudakov and Vu. Most research conducted with respect to this distance notion focused on the Binomial random graph model $\GNP$ and some families of pseudo-rand…
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