12 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; extended version by adding a discussion on non-orthogonal polynomials and section on radial quartic anharmonic oscillator
It is shown that for the one-dimensional quantum anharmonic oscillator with potential $V(x)= x^2+g^2 x^4$ the Perturbation Theory (PT) in powers of $g^2$ (weak coupling regime) and the semiclassical expansion in powers of $\hbar$ for energies coincide. It is related to the fact that the dynamics in $x$-space and in $(gx)$-space corresponds to the same energy spectrum with effective coupling constant $\hbar g^2$. Two equations, which govern the dynamics in those two spaces, the Riccati-Bloch (RB) and the Generalized Bloch (GB) equations, respectively, are derived. The PT in $g^2$ for the logarithmic derivative of wave function leads to PT (with polynomial in $x$ coefficients) for the RB equation and to the true semiclassical expansion in powers of $\hbar$ for the GB equation, which corresponds to a loop expansion for the density matrix in the path integral formalism. A 2-parametric interpolation of these two expansions leads to a uniform approximation of the wavefunction in $x$-space with unprecedented accuracy $\sim 10^{-6}$ locally and unprecedented accuracy $\sim 10^{-9}-10^{-10}$ in energy for any $g^2 \geq 0$. A generalization to the radial quartic oscillator is briefly discussed.
In this contribution to Peter Suranyi Festschrift, we study the Halliday-Suranyi perturbation method for calculating the energy eigenvalues of the quartic anharmonic oscillator.
It is proved that the divergent Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation expansions for the eigenvalues of any odd anharmonic oscillator are Borel summable in the distributional sense to the resonances naturally associated with the system.
We consider an elastic medium with the distortion of a circular curve into a vertical spiral, and investigate the influence of this topological defect on the doubly anharmonic oscillator. We show that the Schrödinger equation for the doubly anharmonic oscillator in the presence of this linear topological defect can be solved analytically. We also obtain the exact expressions for the permitted energies of the ground state of the doubly anharmonic oscillator, and show that the topology of the screw dislocation modifies the spectrum of energy of the doubly anharmonic oscillator.
The concept of a generalized nonanalytic expansion which involves nonanalytic combinations of exponentials, logarithms and powers of a coupling is introduced and its use illustrated in various areas of physics. Dispersion relations for the resonance energies of odd anharmonic oscillators are discussed, and higher-order formulas are presented for cubic and quartic potentials.
In our previous paper I (del Valle--Turbiner, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A34, 1950143, 2019) it was developed the formalism to study the general $D$-dimensional radial anharmonic oscillator with potential $V(r)= \frac{1}{g^2}\,\hat{V}(gr)$. It was based on the Perturbation Theory (PT) in powers of $g$ (weak coupling regime) and in inverse, fractional powers of $g$ (strong coupling regime) in both $r$-space and in $(gr)$-space, respectively. As the result it was introduced - the Approximant - a locally-accurate uniform compact approximation of a wave function. If taken as a trial function in variationa…
We obtain sufficiently accurate eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the anharmonic oscillator with potential $V(x,y)=x^{2}y^{2}$ by means of three different methods. Our results strongly suggest that the spectrum of this oscillator is discrete in agreement with early rigorous mathematical proofs and against a recent statement that cast doubts about it.
Two quantum quartic anharmonic many-body oscillators are introduced. One of them is the celebrated Calogero model (rational $A_n$ model) modified by quartic anharmonic two-body interactions which support the same symmetry as the Calogero model. Another model is the three-body Wolfes model (rational $G_2$ model) with quartic anharmonic interaction added which has the same symmetry as the Wolfes model. Both models are studied in the framework of algebraic perturbation theory and by the variational method.
We construct a W^*-dynamical system describing the dynamics of a class of anharmonic quantum oscillator lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit. Our approach is based on recently proved Lieb-Robinson bounds for such systems on finite lattices.
To lowest order of perturbation theory we show that an equivalence can be established between a $\cal PT$-symmetric generalized quartic anharmonic oscillator model and a Hermitian position-dependent mass Hamiltonian $h$. An important feature of $h$ is that it reveals a domain of couplings where the quartic potential could be attractive, vanishing or repulsive. We also determine the associated physical quantities.
We study the eigenvalue problem $-u"+V(z)u=λu$ in the complex plane with the boundary condition that $u(z)$ decays to zero as $z$ tends to infinity along the two rays $\arg z=-\fracπ{2} \pm \frac{2π}{m+2}$, where $V(z)=-(iz)^m-P(iz)$ for complex-valued polynomials $P$ of degree at most $m-1\geq 2$. We provide an asymptotic formula for eigenvalues and a necessary and sufficient condition for the anharmonic oscillator to have infinitely many real eigenvalues.
We point out a misleading treatment in a recent paper published in this Journal [Eur. Phys. J. C (2018)78:106] regarding solutions for the Schrödinger equation with a anharmonic oscillator potential embedded in the background of a cosmic string mapped into biconfluent Heun equation. This fact jeopardizes the thermodynamical properties calculated in this system.
A simple uniform approximation of the logarithmic derivative of the ground state eigenfunction for both the quantum-mechanical anharmonic oscillator and the double-well potential given by $V= m^2 x^2+g x^4$ at arbitrary $g \geq 0$ for $m^2>0$ and $m^2<0$, respectively, is presented. It is shown that if this approximation is taken as unperturbed problem it leads to an extremely fast convergent perturbation theory.
We perform a perturbative calculation of the physical observables, in particular pseudo-Hermitian position and momentum operators, the equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian operator, and the classical Hamiltonian for the PT-symmetric cubic anharmonic oscillator, $ H=p^1/(2m)+μ^2x^2/2+iεx^3 $. Ignoring terms of order $ ε^4 $ and higher, we show that this system describes an ordinary quartic anharmonic oscillator with a position-dependent mass and real and positive coupling constants. This observation elucidates the classical origin of the reality and positivity of the energy spectrum. We also discus…
The O(N) invariant quartic anharmonic oscillator is shown to be exactly solvable if the interaction parameter satisfies special conditions. The problem is directly related to that of a quantum double well anharmonic oscillator in an external field. A finite dimensional matrix equation for the problem is constructed explicitly, along with analytical expressions for some excited states in the system. The corresponding Niven equations for determining the polynomial solutions for the problem are given.
We introduce various optimization schemes for highly accurate calculation of the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the one-dimensional anharmonic oscillators. We present several methods of analytically fixing the nonlinear variational parameter specified by the domain of the trigonometric basis functions. We show that the optimized parameter enables us to determine the energy spectrum to an arbitrary accuracy. Also, using the harmonic oscillator basis functions, we indicate that the resulting optimal frequency agrees with the one obtained by the principle of the minimal sensitivity.
We explore the effect of the external magnetic and Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux fields on the energy levels of Dirac particle subjects to mixed scalar and vector anharmonic oscillator field in the two-dimensional (2D) space. We calculate the exact energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized two-spinor-components wave functions in terms of the chemical potential parameter, magnetic field strength, AB flux field and magnetic quantum number by using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method.
Classical oscillators of sextic and octic anharmonicities are solved analytically up to the linear power of λ(Anharmonic Constant) by using Taylor series method. These solutions exhibit the presence of secular terms which are summed up for all orders. The frequency shifts of the oscillators for small anharmonic constants are obtained. It is found that the calculated shifts agree nicely with the available results to-date. The solutions for classical anharmonic oscillators are used to obtain the solutions corresponding to quantum anharmonic oscillators by imposing fundamental commutation relatio…
In this work, we obtained energy levels of one dimensional quartic anharmonic oscillator by using neural network system. Quartic anharmonic oscillator is a very important tool in quantum mechanics and also in quantum field theory. Our results are in good agreement in high accuracy with the reference studies.
A simple method for the calculation of higher orders of the logarithmic perturbation theory for bound states of the spherical anharmonic oscillator is developed. The structure of the perturbation series for energy eigenvalues of the sextic doubly anharmonic oscillator is investigated. The recursion technique for deriving renormalized perturbation expansions is offered.
Conventional weak-coupling perturbation theory suffers from problems that arise from resonant coupling of successive orders in the perturbation series. Multiple-scale perturbation theory avoids such problems by implicitly performing an infinite reordering and resummation of the conventional perturbation series. Multiple-scale analysis provides a good description of the classical anharmonic oscillator. Here, it is extended to study the Heisenberg operator equations of motion for the quantum anharmonic oscillator. The analysis yields a system of nonlinear operator differential equations, which i…
We extend the notion of quasi-exactly solvable (QES) models from potential ones and differential equations to Bose systems. We obtain conditions under which algebraization of the part of the spectrum occurs. In some particular cases simple exact expressions for several energy levels of an anharmonic Bose oscillator are obtained explicitly. The corresponding results do not exploit perturbation theory and include strong coupling regime. A generic Hamiltonian under discussion cannot, in contrast to QES potential models, be expressed as a polynomial in generators of $sl_{2}$ algebra. The suggested…
The treatment of anharmonic oscillators (including double-wells) by instanton methods is wellknown. The alternative differential equation method is not so wellknown. Here we reformulate the latter completely parallel to the strong coupling case of the cosine potential and Mathieu equation for which extensive literature and monographs exist.
The spectral problem for O(D) symmetric polynomial potentials allows for a partial algebraic solution after analytical continuation to negative even dimensions D. This fact is closely related to the disappearance of the factorial growth of large orders of the perturbation theory at negative even D. As a consequence, certain quantities constructed from the perturbative coefficients exhibit fast inverse factorial convergence to the asymptotic values in the limit of large orders. This quantum mechanical construction can be generalized to the case of quantum field theory.
Quantum particle is considered confined in a toy-model potential possessing multiple minima. For the specific choice of the family of potentials (in the form of harmonic oscillator plus several logarithmic infinitely high but penetrable barriers), a facilitated tractability of the related bound-state problem is achieved by the use of the (slightly modified) large-N expansion technique. The phenomenological appeal of the possibility of simulation of a certain `relocalization' quantum catastrophe is emphasized.
We will describe how a new, quite simple, but highly effective algorithm, together with the asymptotically fast FFT-based high-precision number multiplication of Mathematica 4 can calculate the ground state of the x^4 anharmonic oscillator to the new record of more than 1000 digits.
As an application of a recently developed variational perturbation theory we find the first 22 terms of the convergent strong-coupling series expansion for the ground state energy of the quartic anharmonic oscillator.
We construct a time-dependent double well potential as an exact spectral equivalent to the explicitly time-dependent negative quartic oscillator with a time-dependent mass term. Defining the unstable anharmonic oscillator Hamiltonian on a contour in the lower-half complex plane, the resulting time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is first mapped by an exact solution of the time-dependent Dyson equation to a time-dependent Hermitian Hamiltonian defined on the real axis. When unitary transformed, scaled and Fourier transformed we obtain a time-dependent double well potential bounded from belo…
Motivated by studies of ultimate speed of computers, we examine the question of minimum time of orthogonalization in a simple anharmonic oscillator and find an upper bound on the rate of computations. Furthermore, we investigate the growth rate of complexity of operation when the system undergoes a definite perturbation. At the phase space of the parameters, by numerical analysis, we find the critical point where beyond that the rate of complexity changes its behavior.
The two-dimensional hydrogen with a linear potential in a magnetic field is solved by two different methods. Furthermore the connection between the model and an anharmonic oscillator had been investigated by methods of KS transformation.
The energy eigenvalues of the anharmonic oscillator characterized by the cubic potential for various eigenstates are determined within the framework of the hypervirial-Padé summation method. For this purpose the E[3,3] and E[3,4] Padé approximants are formed to the energy perturbation series and given the energy eigenvalues up to fourth order in terms of the anharmonicity parameter $λ$.
The paper introduces a simple quantum model to calculate in a general way allowed frequencies and energy levels of the anharmonic oscillator. The theoretical basis of the approach has been introduced in two early papers aimed to infer the properties of quantum systems exploiting the uncertainty principle only. For clarity the anharmonic oscillator is described having in mind the lattice oscillations of atoms/ions, yet quantum formalism of the model and approach have general character and can be extended to any oscillating system. The results show that the harmonic energy levels split into a co…
A new recursion procedure for deriving renormalized perturbation expansions for the one-dimensional anharmonic oscillator is offered. Based upon the $\hbar$-expansions and suitable quantization conditions, the recursion formulae obtained have the same simple form both for ground and excited states and can be easily applied to any renormalization scheme. As an example, the renormalized expansions for the sextic anharmonic oscillator are considered.
We examine a generalized script{PT}-Symmetric quartic anharmonic oscillator model to determine the various physical variables perturbatively in powers of a small quantity ε. We make use of the Bender-Dunne operator basis elements and exploit the properties of the totally symmetric operator T_{m,n}.
In this article a non-perturbative time-dependent technique is used to treat the initial value problem, in Quantum Mechanics context, for a non-equilibrium self-interacting fermionic system in the presence of an external magnetic field. Particularly, in mean-field regime, we study the dynamical symmetry breaking phenomenon, identifying the physical processes associated.
Anharmonic oscillators with the sextic and decatic potentials are studied employing the refinable interpolating scale functions. This method yields highly accurate values of both energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the sextic and decatic oscillator without constraining the potential parameters. Convergence of the solutions in the present method is noticed to be very fast.
We study the synchronization of a van der Pol self-oscillator with Kerr anharmonicity to an external drive. We demonstrate that the anharmonic, discrete energy spectrum of the quantum oscillator leads to multiple resonances in both phase locking and frequency entrainment not present in the corresponding classical system. Strong driving close to these resonances leads to nonclassical steady-state Wigner distributions. Experimental realizations of these genuine quantum signatures can be implemented with current technology.
We prove a powerful scaling property for the extremality condition in the recently developed variational perturbation theory which converts divergent perturbation expansions into exponentially fast convergent ones. The proof is given for the energy eigenvalues of an anharmonic oscillator with an arbitrary $x^p$-potential. The scaling property greatly increases the accuracy of the results.
The explicit semiclassical treatment of the logarithmic perturbation theory for the bound-state problem for the spherical anharmonic oscillator is developed. Based upon the $\hbar$-expansions and suitable quantization conditions a new procedure for deriving perturbation expansions is offered. Avoiding disadvantages of the standard approach, new handy recursion formulae with the same simple form both for ground and excited states have been obtained. As an example, the perturbation expansions for the energy eigenvalues of the quartic anharmonic oscillator are considered.
We analyse the one dimensional quartic oscillator using the effective operator methodology of Lee and Suzuki. We reproduce known results for low lying energy eigenvalues.
A mixed supersymmetric-algebraic approach to construction of the minimum uncertainty coherent states of anharmonic oscillators is presented. It permits generating not only the well-known coherent states of the harmonic and Morse oscillators but also the so far unknown coherent states of the Wei Hua, Kratzer-Fues and generalized Morse and Kratzer-Fues oscillators. The method can be applied also to generate superpotentials indispensable for deriving the Schrödinger equation in the supersymmetric form amenable to direct solution in the SUSYQM scheme.
For a system of coupled anharmonic oscillators we compare the convergence rate of the variational collocation approach presented recently by Amore and Fernandez (2010 Phys.Scr.81 045011) with the one obtained using the optimized Rayleigh-Ritz (RR) method. The monotonic convergence of the RR method allows us to obtain more accurate results at a lower computational cost.
The determination of the eigenenergies of a quantum anharmonic oscillator consists merely in finding the zeros of a function of the energy, namely the Wronskian of two solutions of the Schroedinger equation which are regular respectively at the origin and at infinity. We show in this paper how to evaluate that Wronskian exactly, except for numerical rounding errors. The procedure is illustrated by application to the gx2+x2N (N a positive integer) oscillator.
The power series method has been adapted to compute the spectrum of the Schrodinger equation for central potential of the form $V(r)={d_{-2}\over r^2}+{d_{-1}\over r}+\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} d_{i}r^i$. The bound-state energies are given as zeros of a calculable function, if the potential is confined in a spherical box. For an unconfined potential the interval bounding the energy eigenvalues can be determined in a similar way with an arbitrarily chosen precision. The very accurate results for various spherically symmetric anharmonic potentials are presented.
We use a power-series expansion to calculate the eigenvalues of anharmonic oscillators bounded by two infinite walls. We show that for large finite values of the separation of the walls, the calculated eigenvalues are of the same high accuracy as the values recently obtained for the unbounded case by the inner-product quantization method. We also apply our method to the Morse potential. The eigenvalues obtained in this case are in excellent agreement with the exact values for the unbounded Morse potential.
This paper illustrates the application of group theory to a quantum-mechanical three-dimensional quartic anharmonic oscillator with $O_{h}$ symmetry. It is shown that group theory predicts the degeneracy of the energy levels and facilitates the application of perturbation theory and the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method as well as the interpretation of the results in terms of the symmetry of the solutions . We show how to obtain suitable symmetry-adapted basis sets.
We use the Liouville-von Neumann (LvN) approach to study the dynamics and the adiabaticity of a time-dependent driven anharmonic oscillator as an eample of non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. We show that the adiabaticity is minimally broken in the sense that a gaussian wave-packet at the past infinity evolves to coherent states, however slowly the potential changes, its coherence factor is order of the coupling. We also show that the dynamics are governed by an equation of motion similar to the Kepler motion which satisfies the angular momentum conservation.
We measure the state dynamics of a tunable anharmonic quantum system, the Josephson phase circuit, under the excitation of a frequency-chirped drive. At small anharmonicity, the state evolves like a wavepacket - a characteristic response in classical oscillators; in this regime we report exponentially enhanced lifetimes of highly excited states, held by the drive. At large anharmonicity, we observe sharp steps, corresponding to the excitation of discrete energy levels. The continuous transition between the two regimes is mapped by measuring the threshold of these two effects.
The aim of this paper is twofold. First of all, we study the behaviour of the lowest eigenvalues of the quantum anharmonic oscillator under influence of an external field. We try to understand this behaviour using perturbation theory and compare the results with numerical calculations. This brings us to the second aim of selecting the best method to carry out the numerical calculations accurately.
Utilizing an appropriate ansatz to the wave function, we reproduce the exact bound-state solutions of the radial Schrodinger equation to various exactly solvable sextic anharmonic oscillator and confining perturbed Coulomb models in $D$-dimensions. We show that the perturbed Coulomb problem with eigenvalue $E$ can be transformed to a sextic anharmonic oscillator problem with eigenvalue E. We also check the explicit relevance of these two related problems in higher-space dimensions. It is shown that exact solutions of these potentials exist when their coupling parameters with $k=D+2\ell $ appea…
A new pseudoperturbative (artificial in nature) methodical proposal [15] is used to solve for Schrodinger equation with a class of phenomenologically useful and methodically challenging anharmonice oscillator potentials V(q)=α_o q^2 + αq^4. The effect of the [4,5] Pade' approximant on the leading eigenenergy term is studied. Comparison with results from numerical (exact) and several eligible (approximation) methods is made.
The time evolution of the correlation functions of an ensemble of anharmonic N-component oscillators with O(N) symmetry is described by a flow equation, exact up to corrections of order $1/N^2$. We find effective irreversibility. Nevertheless, analytical and numerical investigation reveals that the system does not reach thermal equilibrium for large times, even when $N\to \infty$. Depending on the initial distribution, the dynamics is asymptotically stable or it exhibits growing modes which break the conditions for the validity of the 1/N expansion for large time. We investigate both classical…
We outline a remarkably efficient method for generating solutions to quantum anharmonic oscillators with an x^{2M} potential. We solve the Schroedinger equation in terms of a free parameter which is then tuned to give the correct boundary condition by generating a power series expansion of the wavefunction in x and applying a modified Borel resummation technique to obtain the large x behaviour. The process allows us to calculate energy eigenvalues to an arbitrary level of accuracy. High degrees of precision are achieved even with modest computing power. Our technique extends to all levels of e…
The renormalization group method is applied for obtaining the asymptotic form of the wave function of the quantum anharmonic oscillator by resumming the perturbation series. It is shown that the resumed series is the cumulant of the naive perturbation series. Working out up to the sixth order and performing a further resummation proposed by Bender and Bettencourt, we find that the agreement with the WKB result becomes worse in the higher orders than the fourth at which the agreement is the best.
