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arXiv 2011.08707hep-thgr-qc
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从黑洞之谜到量子引力的结构

From the Black Hole Conundrum to the Structure of Quantum Gravity

Yasunori Nomura

摘要:

我们描绘了量子引力的结构出现在最近的进展,在理解蒸发黑洞的量子力学。量子引力有两种不同的描述,一种是基于欧几里得引力路径积分的描述,另一种是基于幺正演化的全息量子系统的描述,这两种描述在黑洞的存在下呈现出截然不同的图像。然而,这两种描述在物理上是等同的。黑洞物理学的各种问题-包括内部的存在,演化的统一性,内部体积过大的难题,以及某些计算中看到的系综性质-在两种描述中得到了非常不同的解决,仍然导致相同的物理结论。这里发展的量子引力的观点有望在黑洞物理学之外产生更广泛的影响,特别是对于永恒膨胀的多元宇宙的宇宙学。

英文摘要:

We portray the structure of quantum gravity emerging from recent progress in understanding the quantum mechanics of an evaporating black hole. Quantum gravity admits two different descriptions, based on Euclidean gravitational path integral and a unitarily evolving holographic quantum system, which appear to present vastly different pictures under the existence of a black hole. Nevertheless, these two descriptions are physically equivalent. Various issues of black hole physics---including the existence of the interior, unitarity of the evolution, the puzzle of too large interior volume, and the ensemble nature seen in certain calculations---are addressed very differently in the two descriptions, still leading to the same physical conclusions. The perspective of quantum gravity developed here is expected to have broader implications beyond black hole physics, especially for the cosmology of the eternally inflating multiverse.

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