This paper aims to develop a theory of projective and affine structures on higher-dimensional varieties in positive characteristic. This theory deals with Frobenius-projective and Frobenius-affine structures, which have been previously investigated in the case where the underlying space is a curve. We first provide a description of such structures in terms of Berthelot's higher-level differential operators. That description leads us to obtain a positive characteristic version of Gunning's formulas, which give necessary conditions on Chern classes for the existence of Frobenius-projective and Frobenius-affine structures, respectively. Finally, we establish some characterizations of projective spaces using Frobenius-projective structures.
We describe nef vector bundles on a projective space with first Chern class three and second Chern class eight over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero by giving them a minimal resolution in terms of a full strong exceptional collection of line bundles.
It is known that projective minimal models satisfy the celebrated Miyaoka-Yau inequalities. In this article, we extend these inequalities to the set of all smooth, projective and non-uniruled varieties.
We observe that linear relations among Chern-Mather classes of projective varieties are preserved by projective duality. We deduce the existence of an explicit involution on a part of the Chow group of projective space, encoding the effect of duality on Chern-Mather classes. Applications include Plücker formulae, constraints on self-dual varieties, generalizations to singular varieties of classical formulas for the degree of the dual and the dual defect, formulas for the Euclidean distance degree, and computations of Chern-Mather classes and local Euler obstructions for cones.
Projective structures on compact real manifolds are classical objects in real differential geometry. Complex manifolds with a holomorphic projective structure on the other hand form a special class as soon as the dimension is greater than one. In the Kähler Einstein case, projective space, tori and ball quotients are essentially the only examples. They can be described purely in terms of Chern class conditions. We give a complete classification of all projective manifolds carrying a projective structure. The only additional examples are modular abelian families over quaternionic Shimura curves…
We classify nef vector bundles on a projective space with first Chern class three over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero; we see, in particular, that these nef vector bundles are globally generated if the second Chern class is less than eight, and that there exist nef but non-globally generated vector bundles with second Chern class eight and nine on a projective plane.
We prove that the Gromov--Witten theory (GWT) of a projective bundle can be determined by the Chern classes and the GWT of the base. It completely answers a question raised in a previous paper (arXiv:1607.00740). Its consequences include that the GWT of the blow-up of X at a smooth subvariety Z is uniquely determined by GWT of X, Z plus some topological data.
The cohomology of the Hilbert schemes of points on smooth projective surfaces can be approached both with vertex algebra tools and equivariant tools. Using the first tool, we study the existence and the structure of universal formulas for the Chern classes of the tangent bundle over the Hilbert scheme of points on a projective surface. The second tool leads then to nice generating formulas in the particular case of the Hilbert scheme of points on the affine plane.
In 1954 Hirzebruch asked which linear combinations of Chern numbers are topological invariants of smooth complex projective varieties. We give a complete answer to this question in small dimensions, and also prove partial results without restrictions on the dimension.
We study motivic Chern classes of cones. First we show examples of projective cones of smooth curves such that their various $K$-classes (sheaf theoretic, push-forward and motivic) are all different. Then we show connections between the torus equivariant motivic Chern class of a projective variety and of its affine cone, generalizing results on projective Thom polynomials.
Let $V$ be a closed subscheme of a projective space $\mathbb{P}^n$. We give an algorithm to compute the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class, Euler characteristic and Segre class of $ V$. The algorithm can be implemented using either symbolic or numerical methods. The algorithm is based on a new method for calculating the projective degrees of a rational map defined by a homogeneous ideal. Using this result and known formulas for the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class of a projective hypersurface and the Segre class of a projective variety in terms of the projective degrees of certain rational maps we…
We give a complete classification of semistable rank two sheaves on three-dimensional projective space with maximal third Chern character. This implies an explicit description of their moduli spaces. As an open subset they contain rank two reflexive sheaves with maximal number of singularities. These spaces are irreducible, and apart from a single special case, they are also smooth. This extends a result by Okonek and Spindler to all missing cases and gives a new proof of their result. The key technical ingredient is variation of stability in the derived category.
We give a new proof of the classification due to Peternell-Szurek-Wiśniewski of nef vector bundles on a projective space with the first Chern class less than three and on a smooth hyperquadric with the first Chern class less than two over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.
In this paper we classify all the compactifications of affine homology $3$-cells into the blow-ups of the projective $3$-space along smooth curves such that the log canonical divisors are linearly trivial. As a result, we prove that each embedded affine $3$-fold is isomorphic to the affine $3$-space except one example.
We show that the second Chern character of any projective toric manifold of Picard number three is not ample. In connection with this result, we give various examples of the positivity of higher Chern characters of projective toric manifolds.
We prove that a rational linear combination of Chern numbers is an oriented diffeomorphism invariant of smooth complex projective varieties if and only if it is a linear combination of the Euler and Pontryagin numbers. In dimension at least three we prove that only multiples of the top Chern number, which is the Euler characteristic, are invariant under diffeomorphisms that are not necessarily orientation-preserving. These results solve a long-standing problem of Hirzebruch's. We also determine the linear combinations of Chern numbers that can be bounded in terms of Betti numbers.
We introduce and investigate an equivalence relation called "radical parallelism" on the projective line over a ring. It is closely related with the Jacobson radical of the underlying ring. As an application, we present a rather general approach to non-linear models of affine spaces and discuss some particular examples.
We determine the automorphism group for a large class of affine quadric hypersurfaces over a field, viewed as affine algebraic varieties. In particular, we find that the group of real polynomial automorphisms of the n-sphere is just the orthogonal group O(n+1) whenever n is a power of 2. It is not known whether the same is true for arbitrary n. The proof uses Karpenko's theorem that certain projective quadrics over a field are not ruled. That is, they are not birational over the given field to the product of any variety with the projective line. We also formulate a general result on automorphi…
We describe the structure of singular transversely affine foliations of codimension one on projective manifolds X with zero first Betti number. Our result can be rephrased as a theorem on rank two reducible flat meromorphic connections.
In this paper we construct an equivariant embedding of the affine space $\mathbb{A}^n$ with the translation group action into a complete non-projective algebraic variety $X$ for all $n \geq 3$. The theory of toric varieties is used as the main tool for this construction. In the case of $n = 3$ we describe the orbit structure on the variety $X$.
We show various properties of smooth projective D-affine varieties. In particular, any smooth projective D-affine variety is algebraically simply connected and its image under a fibration is D-affine. In characteristic zero such D-affine varieties are also uniruled. We also show that (apart from a few small characteristics) a smooth projective surface is D-affine if and only if it is isomorphic to either ${\mathbb P}^2$ or ${\mathbb P}^1\times {\mathbb P}^1$. In positive characteristic, a basic tool in the proof is a new generalization of Miyaoka's generic semipositivity theorem.
We first describe the tangent space to the affine flag manifold associated to a simple algebraic group over $\mathbb{C}$ at the distinguished point starting from standard definitions. We then construct projective lines in the affine flag manifold tangent to given root vectors associated to imaginary roots of the corresponding affine Kac-Moody algebra and describe in which Schubert varieties they lie.
We prove a strong relation between Chern and log Chern invariants of algebraic surfaces. For a given arrangement of curves, we find nonsingular projective surfaces with Chern ratio arbitrarily close to the log Chern ratio of the log surface defined by the arrangement. Our method is based on sequences of random p-th root covers, which exploit a certain large scale behavior of Dedekind sums and lengths of continued fractions. We show that randomness is necessary for our asymptotic result, providing another instance of "randomness implies optimal". As an application over the complex numbers, we c…
We explain how to calculate the correlation function for SYM N=2 SO(3)-gauge QFT with 4 flavors in terms of top Chern classes of the universal bundles over the moduli spaces of rank 2 stable torsion free coherent sheaves with det=-1 on the complex projective plane. We give a direct geometrical description of these moduli spaces, study a 2-dimensional torus action on them, and calculate several initial coefficients of the correlation function via Bott residue formula.
For every positive integer $n\in \mathbb{Z}_+$ we define an `Euler polynomial' $\mathscr{E}_n(t)\in \mathbb{Z}[t]$, and observe that for a fixed $n$ all Chern numbers (as well as other numerical invariants) of all smooth hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^n$ may be recovered from the single polynomial $\mathscr{E}_n(t)$. More generally, we show that all Chern classes of hypersurfaces in a smooth variety may be recovered from its top Chern class.
We prove that every biregular automorphism of the affine algebraic variety ${\mathbb P}^M\setminus S$, $M\geqslant 3$, where $S\subset {\mathbb P}^M$ is a hypersurface of degree $m\geqslant M+1$ with a unique singular point of multiplicity $(m-1)$, resolved by one blow up, is a restriction of some automorphism of the projective space ${\mathbb P}^M$, preserving the hypersurface $S$; in particular, for a general hypersurface $S$ the group $\mathop{\rm Aut} ({\mathbb P}^M\setminus S)$ is trivial.
Let $V$ be a possibly singular scheme-theoretic complete intersection subscheme of $\mathbb{P}^n$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Using a recent result of Fullwood ("On Milnor classes via invariants of singular subschemes", Journal of Singularities) we develop an algorithm to compute the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class and Euler characteristic of $V$. This algorithm complements existing algorithms by providing performance improvements in the computation of the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class and Euler characteristic for certain types of complete intersection subschem…
We study projective completions of affine algebraic varieties induced by filtrations on their coordinate rings. In particular, we study the effect of the 'multiplicative' property of filtrations on the corresponding completions and introduce a class of projective completions (of arbitrary affine varieties) which generalizes the construction of toric varieties from convex rational polytopes. As an application we recover (and generalize to varieties over algebraically closed fields of arbitrary characteristics) a 'finiteness' property of divisorial valuations over complex affine varieties proved…
If $n \equiv 0,1~mod~4$, we prove a sum formula $V_{θ_{0}} (a_{0},a_{R}^{n}) = n \cdot V_{θ_{0}} (a_{0},a_{R})$ for the generalized Vaserstein symbol whenever $R$ is a smooth affine algebra over a perfect field $k$ with $char(k) \neq 2$ such that $-1 \in {k^{\times}}^{2}$. This enables us to generalize a result of Fasel-Rao-Swan on transformations of unimodular rows via elementary matrices over normal affine algebras of dimension $d \geq 4$ over algebraically closed fields of characteristic $\neq 2$. As a consequence, we prove that any projective module of rank $3$ with trivial Chern classes o…
We introduce and study smooth compactifications of the moduli space of n labeled points with weights in projective space, which have normal crossings boundary and are defined as GIT quotients of the weighted Fulton-MacPherson compactification. We show that the GIT quotient of a wonderful compactification is also a wonderful compactification under certain hypotheses. We also study a weighted version of the configuration spaces parametrizing n points in affine space up to translation and homothety. In dimension one, the above compactifications are isomorphic to Hassett's moduli space of rational…
We give a simplified proof (in characteristic zero) of the decomposition theorem for complex projective varieties with klt singularities and numerically trivial canonical bundle. The proof rests in an essential way on most of the partial results of the previous proof obtained by many authors, but avoids those in positive characteristic by S. Druel. The single to some extent new contribution is an algebraicity and bimeromorphic splitting result for generically locally trivial fibrations with fibres without holomorphic vector fields. We give first the proof in the easier smooth case, following t…
We obtain several formulas for the Euclidean distance degree (ED degree) of an arbitrary nonsingular variety in projective space: in terms of Chern and Segre classes, Milnor classes, Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes, and an extremely simple formula equating the Euclidean distance degree of X with the Euler characteristic of an open subset of X.
We describe dualities and complexes of logarithmic forms and differentials for central affine and corresponding projective arrangements. We generalize the Borel-Serre formula from vector bundles to sheaves on projective d-space with locally free resolutions of length one. Combining these results we present a generalization of a formula due to Mustata and Schenck, relating the Poincare polynomial of an arrangement in projective 3-space (or a locally tame arrangement in projective d-space with zero-dimensional non-free locus) to the total Chern polynomial of its sheaf of logarithmic 1-forms.
We present an algorithm for the symbolic and numerical computation of the degrees of the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes of a closed subvariety of projective space P^n. As the degree of the top Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class is the topological Euler characteristic, this also yields a method to compute the topological Euler characteristic of projective varieties. The method is based on Aluffi's symbolic algorithm to compute degrees of Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes, a symbolic method to compute degrees of Segre classes, and the regenerative cascade by Hauenstein, Sommese and Wampler. The …
In this work, we construct some irreducible components of the space of two-dimensional holomorphic foliations on $\mathbb{P}^n$ associated to some algebraic representations of the affine Lie algebra $\mathfrak{aff}(\mathbb{C})$. We give a description of the generalized Kupka components, obtaining a classification of them in terms of the degree of the foliations, in both cases $n=3$ and $n=4$.
By recasting metrical geometry in a purely algebraic setting, both Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries can be studied over a general field with an arbitrary quadratic form. Both an affine and a projective version of this new theory are introduced here, and the main formulas extend those of rational trigonometry in the plane. This gives a unified, computational model of both spherical and hyperbolic geometries, allows the extension of many results of Euclidean geometry to the relativistic setting, and provides a new metrical approach to algebraic geometry.
We obtain a precise relation between the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson class of a subvariety of projective space and the Euler characteristics of its general linear sections. In the case of a hypersurface, this leads to simple proofs of formulas of Dimca-Papadima and Huh for the degrees of the polar map of a homogeneous polynomial, extending these formula to any algebraically closed field of characteristic~0, and proving a conjecture of Dolgachev on 'homaloidal' polynomials in the same context. We generalize these formulas to subschemes of higher codimension in projective space. We also describe a…
A general problem is to classify the real forms of a complex variety up to isomorphism. This paper introduces the polar group of a real form $X$ of a complex variety $Y$ as a tool to distinguish such real forms. This group is an invariant of $X$ which encodes information about the residual divisors in the coordinate ring of $Y$ over the coordinate ring of $X$. We calculate polar groups for various curves, including the real line and the algebraic 1-sphere.
Let $X$ be a nonsingular projective $n$-fold $(n\ge 2)$ of Fano or of general type with ample canonical bundle $K_X$ over an algebraic closed field $κ$ of any characteristic. We produce a new method to give a bunch of inequalities in terms of all the Chern classes $c_1, c_2, \cdots, c_n$ by pulling back Schubert classes in the Chow group of Grassmannian under the Gauss map. Moreover, we show that if the characteristic of $κ$ is $0$, then the Chern ratios $(\frac{c_{2,1^{n-2}}}{c_{1^n}}, \frac{c_{2,2,1^{n-4}}}{c_{1^n}}, \cdots, \frac{c_{n}}{c_{1^n}})$ are contained in a convex polyhedron for al…
We investigate the relation between the Hodge theory of a smooth subcanonical $n$-dimensional projective variety $X$ and the deformation theory of the affine cone $A_X$ over $X$. We start by identifying $H^{n-1,1}_{\mathrm{prim}}(X)$ as a distinguished graded component of the module of first order deformations of $A_X$, and later on we show how to identify the whole primitive cohomology of $X$ as a distinguished graded component of the Hochschild cohomology module of the punctured affine cone over $X$. In the particular case of a projective smooth hypersurface $X$ we recover Griffiths' isomorp…
It is known that Chern characteristic numbers of compact complex manifolds cannot have arbitrary values. They satisfy certain divisability conditions. W. Ebeling and S. M. Gusein-Zade gave a definition of Chern characteristic numbers of singular compact complex analytic varieties. We prove that there exists a singular projective variety with an arbitrary set of characteristic numbers.
We give a criterion of existence of a unipotent group action on the affine cone over a projective variety or, more generally, on the affine quasicone over a variety which is projective over another affine variety.
