In this paper, we constructed the magnetized thick disk model analytically around the static black hole in the presence of an external distribution of matter up to the quadrupole moment. This space-time is a solution to Einstein's field equation describing the exterior of a static and axially symmetric object locally. This work aims to study this space-time and the effects of quadrupole moments via studying the properties of the equilibrium sequences of magnetized, non-self-gravitating disks in this space-time. We discussed a procedure to build the thick disk model based on a combination of two approaches previously considered in the literature. We have examined different angular momentum distributions, and We have shown the properties of this relativistic accretion disc model in this background.
We have studied shock in magnetized accretion flow/funnel flow in case of neutron star with bremsstrahlung cooling and cyclotron cooling. All accretion solutions terminate with a shock close to the neutron star surface, but at some region of the parameter space, it also harbours a second shock away from the star surface. We have found that cyclotron cooling is necessary for correct accretion solutions which match the surface boundary conditions.
We present the accretion of magnetized supersonic winds onto a rotating black hole in three dimensions. We select representative spin-wind orientations in order to illustrate its effects on the evolution and morphology of the shock cone. The most important finding in the magnetized case, unlike the purely hydrodynamical scenario, is the formation of rarified spots where the magnetic field pressure dominates over the gas pressure. In these rarified spots we find the formation of eddies within the shock cone.
Motivated by indirect observational evidence for strongly magnetized accretion discs around black holes, and the novel theoretical properties of such solutions, we investigate how a strong magnetization state can develop and persist. To this end, we perform local simulations of accretion discs with an initially purely toroidal magnetic field of equipartition strength. We demonstrate that discs with zero net vertical magnetic flux and realistic boundary conditions cannot sustain a strong toroidal field. However, a magnetic pressure-dominated disc can form from an initial configuration with a su…
We use global magnetohydrodynamic simulations to study the influence of net vertical magnetic fields on the structure of geometrically thin ($H/r \approx 0.05$) accretion disks in the Newtonian limit. We consider initial mid-plane gas to magnetic pressure ratios $β_0 = 1000,\, 300$ and $100$, spanning the transition between weakly and strongly magnetized accretion regimes. We find that magnetic pressure is important for the disks' vertical structure in all three cases, with accretion occurring at $z/R\approx 0.2$ in the two most strongly magnetized models. The disk midplane shows outflow rathe…
An extended magnetosphere of a strongly magnetized accreting white dwarf (known as a polar) prevents the formation of an accretion disk and the matter is channelled to the magnetic pole(s). A few such sources show quasi-periodic oscillations in their optical light curves. These high-frequency oscillations are thought to be generated from the post-shock accretion column. The kinetic energy of the accretion flow is finally emitted from this post-shock region and the involved radiation processes decide the state of the matter. Here we study the structure and the dynamical properties of such accre…
In this paper, we present a simplified model for magnetized neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) in which effect of black hole (BH) spin is taken into account by adopting a set of relativistic correction factor, and the magnetic field is parameterized as β, the ratio of the magnetic pressure to the total pressure. It is found that the disc properties are sensitive to the values of the BH spin and β, and more energy can be extracted from NDAF for the faster spin and lower β.
We explore the global structure of the accretion flow around a Schwarzschild black hole where the accretion disc is threaded by toroidal magnetic fields. The accretion flow is optically thin and advection dominated. Synchrotron radiation is considered to be the active cooling mechanism in the flow. With this, we obtain the global transonic accretion solutions and show that centrifugal barrier in the rotating magnetized accretion flow causes a discontinuous transition of the flow variables in the form of shock waves. The shock properties and the dynamics of the post-shock corona are affected by…
We considered the effects of convection on the radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAF) in the presence of resistivity and toroidal magnetic field. We discussed the effects of convection on transports of angular momentum and energy. We established two cases for the resistive and magnetized RIAFs with convection: assuming the convection parameter as a free parameter and using mixing-length theory to calculate convection parameter. A self-similar method was used to solve the integrated equations that govern the behavior of the presented model. The solutions showed that the accretion and ro…
Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have been puzzling us with a debate whether they consist of an intermediate mass black hole or super-Eddington accretion by a stellar mass black hole. Here we suggest that in the presence of large scale strong magnetic fields and non-negligible vertical motion, the luminosity of ULXs, particularly in their hard states, can be explained with sub-Eddington accretion by stellar mass black holes. In this framework of 2.5D magnetized advective accretion flows, magnetic tension plays the role of transporting matter (equivalent to viscous shear via turbulent viscos…
By performing 2.5-dimensional general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we demonstrate supercritical accretion onto a non-rotating, magnetized neutron star, where the magnetic field strength of dipole fields is $10^{10}$ G on the star surface. We found the supercritical accretion flow consists of two parts; the accretion columns and the truncated accretion disk. The supercritical accretion disk, which appears far from the neutron star, is truncated at around $\sim 3R_*$ ($R_*=10^6$ cm is the neutron star radius), where the magnetic pressure via the dipole magnetic fields …
The aim of this paper is to investigate the transition of a strongly magnetized neutron star into the accretion regime with very low accretion rate. For this purpose we monitored the Be-transient X-ray pulsar GRO J1008-57 throughout a full orbital cycle. The current observational campaign was performed with the Swift/XRT telescope in the soft X-ray band (0.5-10 keV) between two subsequent Type I outbursts in January and September 2016. The expected transition to the propeller regime was not observed. However, the transitions between different regimes of accretion were detected. In particular, …
What is conducted in the present work is the study of self-gravity effects on vertical structure of magnetized neutrino-dominated accretion disc (termed NDAF and considered as a central engine for Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)). Some of the disc physical time scales such as viscous, cooling and diffusion time scales, that are supposed to play a pivotal role in the late time evolutions of the disc, have been studied. It is of our interest to investigate the possibility of the X-ray flares occurrence, observed in late time GRB's extended emission through the "magnetic barrier" and "fragmentation" proc…
Neutrino-cooled accretion flow around a black hole, produced by a compact binary merger, is a promising scenario for jet formation and magnetic-driven winds to explain short duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs) central engine and kilonovae based on GW170817 gravitational wave observation. Magnetorotational instability (MRI) turbulence and Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism are expected to play key roles in the thermal equilibrium of the disk (balancing neutrino cooling) and in driving accretion and creating jets. Using the open-source GRMHD HARM-COOL code, we study the magnetically-driven evolution o…
We present the global structure of magnetized advective accretion flow around the rotating black holes in presence of dissipation. By considering accretion flow to be threaded by toroidal magnetic fields and by assuming synchrotron radiative mechanism to be the dominant cooling process, we obtain global transonic accretion solutions in terms of dissipation parameters, such as viscosity ($α_B$), accretion rate (${\dot m}$) and plasma-$β$, respectively. In the rotating magnetized accretion flow, centrifugal barrier is developed in the nearby region of the black hole that triggers the discontinuo…
In this paper, we expand upon previous work that argued for the possibility of a sub-equipartition magnetic field in the accretion flow of a black hole binary system. Using X-ray observations of the three well-known sources A0620-00, XTE J1118+480 and V404 Cyg during the quiescent state, we compare the theoretically expected spectral shape with the observed data in order to verify that the parameters of the sub-equipartition model are plausible. In all three cases, we find that it is possible to reproduce the spectral shape of the X-ray observations with a sub-equipartition flow. These finding…
Hot accretion tori around a compact object are known to be susceptible to a global hydrodynamical instability, the so-called Papaloizou-Pringle (PP) instability, arising from the interaction of non-axisymmetric waves across the corotation radius, where the wave pattern speed matches the fluid rotation rate. However, accretion tori produced in various astrophysical situations (e.g., collapsars and neutron star binary mergers) are likely to be highly magnetized. We study the effect of magnetic fields on the PP instability in incompressible tori with various magnetic strengths and structures. In …
In this paper, we present the complete structure of a quasi-Keplerian thin accretion disk with an internal dynamo around a magnetized neutron star. We assume a full quasi-Keplerian disk with the azimuthal velocity deviating from the Keplerian fashion by a factor of $ξ$ ($0<ξ<2$). In our approach, we vertically integrate the radial component of the momentum equation to obtain the radial pressure gradient equation for a thin quasi-Keplerian accretion disk. Our results show that, at large radial distance, the accretion disk behaves in a Keplerian fashion. However, close to the neutron star, press…
The physical mechanism responsible for driving accretion flows in astrophysical accretion disks is commonly thought to be related to the development of plasma instabilities and turbulence. A key question is therefore the determination of consistent equilibrium configurations for accretion-disk plasmas and investigation of their stability properties. In the case of collisionless plasmas kinetic theory provides the appropriate theoretical framework. This paper presents a kinetic description of low-frequency and long-wavelength axisymmetric electromagnetic perturbations in non-relativistic, stron…
We discuss basic features of steady accretion disk morphology around magnetized compact astrophysical objects. A comparison between the standard model of accretion based on visco-resistive MHD and the plasma instabilities, like ballooning modes, triggered by very low value of resistivity, is proposed.
We study the global structure of optically thin, advection dominated, magnetized accretion flow around black holes. We consider the magnetic field to be turbulent in nature and dominated by the toroidal component. With this, we obtain the complete set of accretion solutions for dissipative flows where bremsstrahlung process is regarded as the dominant cooling mechanism. We show that rotating magnetized accretion flow experiences virtual barrier around black hole due to centrifugal repulsion that can trigger the discontinuous transition of the flow variables in the form of shock waves. We exami…
We examine the effect of thermal conduction on the observational properties of a super critical hot magnetized flow. We obtained self-similar solution of a magnetized disc when the thermal conduction plays an important role. Follow of our first paper (Ghasemnezhad et al. 2012 (hereafter GKA12)) we have extended our solution on the observational appearance of the disc to show how physical condition such as thermal conduction, viscosity, and advection will change the observed luminosity of the disc, Continuous spectra and surface temperature of such discs was plotted. We apply the present model …
We present a model for a super-Eddington accretion disc around a magnetized neutron star taking into account advection of heat and the mass loss by the wind. The model is semi-analytical and predicts radial profiles of all basic physical characteristics of the accretion disc. The magnetospheric radius is found as an eigenvalue of the problem. When the inner disc is in radiation-pressure-dominated regime but does not reach its local Eddington limit, advection is mild, and the radius of the magnetosphere depends weakly on the accretion rate. Once approaching the local Eddington limit, the disc b…
We investigate the thermal stability of optically thin, two-temperature, radiative cooling-dominated accretion disks. Our linear analysis shows that the disk is thermally unstable without magnetic fields, which agrees with previous stability analysis on the Shapiro-Lightman-Eardley disk. By taking into account the effects of magnetic fields, however, we find that the disk can be or partly be thermally stable. Our results may be helpful to understand the outflows in optically thin flows. Moreover, such radiative cooling-dominated disks may provide a new explanation of the different behaviors be…
The central engine of Gamma Ray Bursts is hidden from direct probing with photons mainly due to the high densities involved. Inferences on their properties are thus made from their cosmological setting, energetics, low-energy counterparts and variability. If GRBs are powered by hypercritical accretion onto compact objects, on small spatial scales the flow will exhibit fluctuations, which could in principle be reflected in the power output of the central engine and ultimately in the high energy prompt emission. Here we address this issue by characterizing the variability in neutrino cooled accr…
Observations indicate that wind can be generated in hot accretion flow. By performing numerical simulations, Yuan et al. studied the detailed properties of wind generated from weakly magnetized accretion flow. However, properties of wind generated from strongly magnetized hot accretion flow have not been studied. In this paper, we study the properties of wind generated from both weakly and strongly magnetized accretion flow. We focus on how the magnetic field strength affects the wind properties. We solve time-steady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations of black hole accretion i…
The observed rotation measures (RMs) towards the galactic centre magnetar and towards Sagittarius A* provide a strong constraint on MHD models of the galactic centre accretion flow, probing distances from the black hole separated by many orders of magnitude. We show, using 3D simulations of accretion via magnetized stellar winds of the Wolf-Rayet stars orbiting the black hole, that the large, time-variable RM observed for the pulsar PSR J1745-2900 can be explained by magnetized wind-wind shocks of nearby stars in the clockwise stellar disc. In the same simulation, both the total X-ray luminosi…
The properties of a new-born neutron star, produced in a core-collapse supernova, can be strongly affected by the possible late fallback which occurs several hours after the explosion. This accretion occurs in the regime dominated by neutrino cooling, explored initially in this context by Chevalier (1989). Here we revisit this approach in a 1D spherically symmetric model and carry out numerical simulations in 2D in an accretion column onto a neutron star considering detailed microphysics, neutrino cooling and the presence of magnetic fields in ideal MHD. We compare our numerical results to the…
We consider a simple scenario for the accretion of matter onto a neutron star in order to understand processes in the inner pulsar magnetosphere during the transition stage between different accretion modes. A simple quasi-spherical accretion process onto rotating, magnetized compact object is analyzed in order to search for the radiative signatures which could appear during transition between ejecting and accreting modes. It is argued that different accretion modes can be present in a single neutron star along different magnetic field lines for specific range of parameters characterising the …
We study the gravitational collapse and formation of the Kerr black hole from the rotating progenitor star. We follow the evolution of black hole spin, coupled with its increasing mass. We study the effect of different level of rotation endowed in the progenitor's envelope, and we out some constraints on the final black hole parameters. Our method is based on semi-analytical computations that involve stellar-evolution models of different progenitors. We also follow numerically the black hole evolution and spacetime metric changes during the collapse, via General Relativistic MHD modeling. (abr…
We present numerical simulations of the axisymmetric accretion of a massive magnetized plasma torus on a rotating black hole. We use a realistic equation of state, which takes into account neutrino cooling and energy loss due to nucleus dissociations. We simulated various magnetic field configurations and torus models, both optically thick and thin for neutrinos. It is shown that the neutrino cooling does not significantly change either the structure of the accretion flow or the total energy release of the system. The calculations evidence heating of the wind surrounding the collapsar by the s…
We study the two-temperature magnetized advective accretion flow around the Kerr black holes. During accretion, ions are heated up due to viscous dissipation, and when Coulomb coupling becomes effective, they transfer a part of their energy to the electrons. On the contrary, electrons lose energy due to various radiative cooling processes, namely bremsstrahlung, synchrotron, and Comtonization processes, respectively. To account for the magnetic contribution inside the disc, we consider the toroidal magnetic fields which are assumed to be dominant over other components. Moreover, we adopt the r…
We study oscillations of accretion torus with azimuthal magnetic field. For several lowest-order modes we calculate eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions and calculate corresponding intensity and polarization light curves using advanced ray-tracing methods.
We run two GRRMHD simulations of super-Eddington accretion disks around a black hole and a non-magnetized, non-rotating neutron star. The neutron star was modeled using a reflective inner boundary condition. We observe the formation of a transition layer in the inner region of the disk in the neutron star simulation which leads to a larger mass outflow rate and a lower radiative luminosity over the black hole case. Sphereization of the flow leads to an observable luminosity at infinity around the Eddington value when viewed from all directions for the neutron star case, contrasting to the blac…
Observations of the hot gas, which is surrounding Sgr A* and a few other nearby galactic nuclei, imply that mean free paths of electron and proton are comparable to gas capture radius. So, hot accretion flows likely proceed under week collision conditions. As a result thermal conduction by ions has a considerable contribution in transfer of the realized heat in accretion mechanisms. We study a 2D advective accretion disk bathed in a poloidal magnetic field of a central accretor in the presence of thermal conduction. We find self-similar solutions for an axisymmetric, rotating, steady, viscose-…
Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) are the extremely energetic transient events, visible from the most distant parts of the Universe. They are most likely powered by accretion on the hyper-Eddington rates that proceeds onto a newly born stellar mass black hole. This central engine gives rise to the most powerful, high Lorentz factor jets that are responsible for energetic gamma ray emission. We investigate the accretion flow evolution in GRB central engine, using the 2D MHD simulations in General Relativity. We compute the structure and evolution of the extremely hot and dense torus accreting onto the fas…
If accretion disc contains weak frozen-in entangled magnetic fields, their dynamical effect may be important inside the last stable orbit because of the decompression near the sonic point. Here, I consider the radial and vertical structure of a nearly free-falling flow inside the last stable orbit of a thin disc around a Kerr black hole. The thickness of such a flow is determined primarily by the vertical stress created by radial and azimuthal magnetic fields. The thickness is predicted to oscillate vertically around its equilibrium value determined by the magnetic field balance with gravity. …
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) might be powered by a black hole (BH) hyperaccretion systems via the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism or neutrino annihilation from neutrino-dominated accretion flows (NDAFs). Magnetic coupling (MC) between the inner disc and BH can transfer angular momentum and energy from the fast-rotating BH to the disc. The neutrino luminosity and neutrino annihilation luminosity are both efficiently enhanced by the MC process. In this paper, we study the structure, luminosity, MeV neutrinos, and gravitational waves (GWs) of magnetized NDAFs (MNDAFs) under the assumption that both th…
To understand why supercritical accretion is feasible onto a neutron star, we carefully examine the accretion flow dynamics by 2.5-dimensional general relativistic (GR) radiation magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations, comparing the cases of accretion onto a non-magnetized neutron star (NS) and that onto a black hole (BH). Supercritical BH accretion is relatively easy, since BH can swallow excess radiation energy, so that radiation flux can be inward in its vicinity. This mechanism can never work for NS which has a solid surface. In fact, we find that the radiation force is always outward. Ins…
We present here the solutions of magnetized accretion flows on to a compact object with hard surface such as neutron stars. The magnetic field of the central star is assumed dipolar and the magnetic axis is assumed to be aligned with the rotation axis of the star. We have used an equation of state for the accreting fluid in which the adiabatic index is dependent on temperature and composition of the flow. We have also included cooling processes like bremsstrahlung and cyclotron processes in the accretion flow. We found all possible accretion solutions. All accretion solutions terminate with a …
Important astrophysical sources, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or tidal disruption events, are impulsive -- strongly varying with time. These outflows are likely highly magnetized near the central source, but their interaction with the external medium is not yet fully understood. Here I consider the combined impulsive magnetic acceleration of an initially highly magnetized shell of plasma and its deceleration by the external medium. I find four main dynamical regimes, that (for a given outflow) depend on the external density. (I) For small enough external densities the shell becomes kinetica…
Neutrino-cooled accretion flow around a spinning black hole, produced by a compact binary merger is a promising scenario for jet formation and launching magnetically-driven outflows. Based on GW170817 gravitational wave detection by LIGO and Virgo observatories followed by electromagnetic counterparts, this model can explain the central engine of the short duration gamma ray bursts (GRB) and kilonova radiations. Using the open-source GRMHD HARM-COOL code, we evolved several 2D magnetized accretion disk-black hole models with realistic equation of state in the fixed curved space-time background…
The correlated and coupled dynamics of accretion and outflow around black holes (BHs) are essentially governed by the fundamental laws of conservation as outflow extracts matter, momentum and energy from the accretion region. Here we analyzed a robust form of 2.5-dimensional viscous, resistive, advective magnetized accretion-outflow coupling in BH systems, in the mean field magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) regime. We solve the complete set of coupled MHD conservation equations self-consistently, through invoking a generalized polynomial expansion in two dimensions. We perform a critical analysis of…
We examine the properties of strongly magnetized accretion discs in a global framework, with particular focus on the evolution of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities such as the magnetorotational instability (MRI). Work by Pessah and Psaltis showed that MRI is stabilized beyond a critical toroidal field in compressible, differentially rotating flows and, also, reported the appearance of two new instabilities beyond this field. Their results stemmed from considering geometric curvature effects due to the suprathermal background toroidal field, which had been previously ignored in weak-field studi…
Predicting the emerging X-ray spectra in several astrophysical objects is of great importance, in particular when the observational data are compared with theoretical models. To this aim, we have developed an algorithm solving the radiative transfer equation in the Fokker-Planck approximation when both thermal and bulk Comptonization take place. The algorithm is essentially a relaxation method, where stable solutions are obtained when the system has reached its steady-state equilibrium. We obtained the solution of the radiative transfer equation in the two-dimensional domain defined by the pho…
We present the results of a global, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulation of an accretion disk with a rotating, weakly magnetized central star. The disk is threaded by a weak, large-scale poloidal magnetic field, and the central star has no strong stellar magnetosphere initially. Our simulation investigates the structure of the accretion flows from a turbulent accretion disk onto the star. The simulation reveals that fast accretion onto the star at high latitudes occurs even without a stellar magnetosphere. We find that the failed disk wind becomes the fast, high-latitude accretion…
We obtained equations for a thin magnetic accretion disk, using the method of asymptotic approximation. They cannot be solved analytically-without solutions for a magnetic field in the magnetosphere between the star and the disk, only a set of general conditions on the solutions can be derived. To compare the analytical results with numerical solutions, we find expressions for physical quantities in the disk, using our results from resistive and viscous star-disk magnetospheric interaction simulations.
Studying the physical processes occurring in the region just above the magnetic poles of strongly magnetized, accreting binary neutron stars is essential to our understanding of stellar and binary system evolution. Perhaps more importantly, it provides us with a natural laboratory for studying the physics of high temperature and high density plasmas exposed to extreme radiation, gravitational, and magnetic fields. Observations over the past decade have shed new light on the manner in which plasma falling at velocities near the speed of light onto a neutron star surface is halted. Recent advanc…
We have explored the structure of hot magnetized accretion flow with thermal conduction. The importance of thermal conduction in hot accretion flows has been confirmed by observations of the hot gas surrounding Sgr $A^*$ and a few other nearby galactic nuclei. For a steady state structure of such accretion flows a set of self similar solutions are presented. In this paper, we have actually tried to re-check the solution presented by Abbassi et al. (2008) using a physical constrain. In this study we find that Eq 29 places a new constrain that limits answers presented by Abbassi et al. 2008. In …
Axisymmetric MHD simulations are used to investigate the Bondi-Hoyle accretion onto an isolated magnetized neutron star moving supersonically (with Mach number of 3) through the interstellar medium. The star is assumed to have a dipole magnetic field aligned with its motion and a magnetospheric radius R_m less then the accretion radius R_BH, so that the gravitational focusing is important. We find that the accretion rate to a magnetized star is smaller than that to a non-magnetized star for the parameters considered. Close to the star the accreting matter falls to the star's surface along the …
Most of ultraluminous X-ray sources are thought to be objects accreting above their Eddington limits. In the recently identified class of ultraluminous X-ray pulsars, accretor is a neutron star and thus has a fairly small mass with a small Eddington limit. The accretion disc structure around such an object affects important observables such as equilibrium period, period derivative and the size of the magnetosphere. We propose a model of a nearly-standard accretion disc interacting with the magnetosphere only in a thin layer near the inner disc rim. Our calculations show that the size of the ma…
