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arXiv 1111.6851astro-ph.HE
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辐射转移方程的数值解:磁化中子星上圆柱形吸积的X射线谱形成

Numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation: X-ray spectral formation from cylindrical accretion onto a magnetized neutron star

R. Farinelli, C. Ceccobello, P. Romano, L. Titarchuk

摘要:

预测几个天体中出现的X射线谱非常重要,特别是在将观测数据与理论模型进行比较时。为了这个目的,我们已经开发了一个算法,解决了辐射转移方程的福克-普朗克近似时,热和体康普顿发生。该算法本质上是一种松弛方法,当系统达到稳态平衡时,可以获得稳定的解。我们得到的解决方案的辐射转移方程在二维域定义的光子能量E和光学深度的系统τ使用有限差分偏导数,并施加特定的边界条件的解决方案。我们讨论了磁化中子星上的柱形吸积。我们考虑了一个黑体种子光谱的光子与指数分布的吸积柱和吸积的速度达到最大值的恒星表面和顶部的吸积柱,分别。在这两种情况下,较高的电子温度和光学深度τ值产生更平坦和更硬的光谱。其他有助于光谱形成的参数是垂直速度剖面的陡峭度,在恒星表面的曲率,和吸积柱的半径。后一个参数修改出现的光谱在一个镜面的方式为两个假设的吸积配置文件。该算法已在XSPEC软件包中实现,用于X射线光谱拟合,并专门用于高磁场(> 10^{12} G)的中子星极盖吸积的物理框架,预计这将是典型的吸积系统,如X射线双星和超巨星快速X射线瞬变。

英文摘要:

Predicting the emerging X-ray spectra in several astrophysical objects is of great importance, in particular when the observational data are compared with theoretical models. To this aim, we have developed an algorithm solving the radiative transfer equation in the Fokker-Planck approximation when both thermal and bulk Comptonization take place. The algorithm is essentially a relaxation method, where stable solutions are obtained when the system has reached its steady-state equilibrium. We obtained the solution of the radiative transfer equation in the two-dimensional domain defined by the photon energy E and optical depth of the system tau using finite-differences for the partial derivatives, and imposing specific boundary conditions for the solutions. We treated the case of cylindrical accretion onto a magnetized neutron star. We considered a blackbody seed spectrum of photons with exponential distribution across the accretion column and for an accretion where the velocity reaches its maximum at the stellar surface and at the top of the accretion column, respectively. In both cases higher values of the electron temperature and of the optical depth tau produce flatter and harder spectra. Other parameters contributing to the spectral formation are the steepness of the vertical velocity profile, the albedo at the star surface, and the radius of the accretion column. The latter parameter modifies the emerging spectra in a specular way for the two assumed accretion profiles. The algorithm has been implemented in the XSPEC package for X-ray spectral fitting and is specifically dedicated to the physical framework of accretion at the polar cap of a neutron star with a high magnetic field (> 10^{12} G), which is expected to be typical of accreting systems such as X-ray pulsars and supergiant fast X-ray transients.

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