发表机构
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University; Center for Computational Relativity and Gravitation, Rochester Institute of Technology; School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Tennessee; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto; School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study; Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università di Milano-Bicocca（Perimeter理论物理研究所; 斯坦福大学卡弗里粒子天体物理与宇宙学研究所; 罗切斯特理工学院计算相对论与引力中心; 罗切斯特理工学院物理与天文学院; 田纳西大学物理与天文学系; 多伦多大学加拿大理论天体物理研究所; 高等研究院自然科学学院; 米兰比可卡大学“G.奥恰利尼”物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过三维广义相对论磁流体动力学模拟，探究间距30引力半径、无量纲自旋χ=0.9的等质量快速旋转双黑洞的磁化吸积，发现其形成能量效率≈40%的开关式双喷流，且迷你盘热力学影响喷流特性。
AI 中文摘要
嵌入富气体环境中的超大质量双黑洞是脉冲星计时阵列和未来星载引力波干涉仪的有前景多信使源，其电磁辐射由双黑洞周围的非线性等离子体动力学主导，预计会继承与轨道运动相关的变异性。由于活动星系核本质上是随机的，识别可靠的双黑洞特征需要将大尺度环绕二进制流与黑洞关联起来的预测模型。以往吸积双黑洞的相对论模拟大多聚焦于更小的间距和更低的自旋。我们开展三维广义相对论磁流体动力学模拟，研究松弛的磁化环绕二进制盘向等质量双黑洞的吸积，双黑洞间距为30个引力半径，无量纲自旋χ=0.9。在该间距下，每个黑洞周围的迷你盘是持久的质量储库，但仍会因偏心环绕二进制盘和迷你盘间晃动的气体而出现显著的振幅调制。我们分析磁通量如何从环绕二进制盘输运至视界，产生能量提取效率达≈40%的强劲双喷流。贯穿视界的磁通量和喷流光度在两个黑洞间交替，形成“开关式”双喷流状态。宽喷流漏斗在双黑洞上方相互作用，形成利于重联的持久电流片。我们探究迷你盘热力学的影响，对比空腔内高效冷却与低效冷却的情况：更热的迷你盘质量更小、相干周期性更弱，尽管贯穿视界的磁通量相当，但其喷流光度更低。
英文摘要
Supermassive binary black holes embedded in gas-rich environments are promising multi-messenger sources for pulsar timing arrays and future space-borne gravitational-wave interferometers. Their electromagnetic emission is governed by nonlinear plasma dynamics around the binary and is expected to inherit variability associated with the orbital motion thereof. Because active galactic nuclei are intrinsically stochastic, identifying robust binary signatures requires predictive models that connect large-scale circumbinary flows to the black holes. Previous relativistic simulations of accreting binaries have mostly focused on smaller separations and lower spins. We perform three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a relaxed, magnetized circumbinary disk accreting onto an equal-mass binary black hole with a separation of $30$ gravitational radii and dimensionless spin $χ=0.9$. At these separations, the mini-disks around each black hole are persistent mass reservoirs but still show pronounced amplitude modulations governed by the eccentric circumbinary disk and the sloshing gas between the mini-disks. We analyze how the magnetic flux is transported from the circumbinary disk to the horizons, launching powerful dual jets with energy extraction efficiencies reaching $\approx 40\%$. The horizon-threading flux and jet luminosity alternate between the two black holes, producing an on-off dual-jet state. The wide jet funnels interact above the binary and form a persistent current sheet favorable to reconnection. We explore the influence of mini-disk thermodynamics, comparing efficient and inefficient cooling inside the cavity. Hotter mini-disks are less massive, exhibit weaker coherent periodicity, and launch less luminous jets despite comparable horizon-threading magnetic flux.
Comments26 pages, 20 figures. Comments welcome!
