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arXiv 2602.04519astro-ph.HE
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磁化球对称吸积到史瓦西黑洞的动力学模拟中循环通量爆发的涌现

Emergence of cyclic flux eruptions in kinetic simulations of magnetized spherical accretion onto a Schwarzschild black hole

Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学,法国国家科学研究中心,天体物理学与行星学研究所);Washington University in St. Louis(华盛顿大学圣路易斯分校);Dartmouth College(达特茅斯学院)

Enzo Figueiredo, John Mehlhaff, Adrien Soudais, Benoît Cerutti

AI总结:

通过广义相对论粒子云网格模拟,发现磁化球对称吸积到史瓦西黑洞时,磁通量经历理想平流、重联调控和爆发三个阶段,产生准周期性通量爆发并加速粒子,类似Sgr A*的耀发活动。

摘要:

黑洞磁层的动力学关键取决于黑洞自旋和吸积流结构。在零净角动量流浸没的史瓦西黑洞极限下,吸积是球对称的。然而,存在大尺度垂直磁场时,经典Bondi吸积模型显著改变。冻结磁场随等离子体被引力向内拉而径向拉伸,直到磁张力恢复力突然排出物质并重置磁场,开始新循环。尽管这一情景在先前研究中已有描述,但由于耗散和粒子加速问题尚未完全解决,仍不完整。本文旨在用第一性原理动力学等离子体模型重新审视这些问题。我们对磁化球对称吸积到史瓦西黑洞进行了二维全局广义相对论粒子云网格模拟,涵盖正负电子和电子-离子等离子体。模拟在长时间尺度上演化以捕捉多次通量爆发事件并建立准稳态。对于每个吸积循环,我们发现系统经历三个主要阶段:(i) 理想平流阶段,视界上的磁通量随时间准线性增加;(ii) 重联调控阶段,通量净增加被视界附近间歇性重联事件减缓;(iii) 耀发阶段,一次大规模重联事件排出通量,导致高效粒子加速。大幅值准周期性通量爆发及伴随的粒子加速让人联想到Sgr A*的耀发活动。这一现象也可能适用于宁静黑洞,尤其是吸积星际介质的孤立黑洞。

英文摘要:

The dynamics of black hole magnetospheres critically depend on the black hole spin and on the structure of the accretion flow. In the limit of a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in a zero-net angular momentum flow, accretion is spherical. However, in the presence of a large-scale vertical magnetic field, the classical Bondi accretion model is significantly altered. The frozen-in field is stretched radially as the plasma is pulled inward by gravity. This continues until the restoring force from the magnetic tension suddenly expels the material and resets the field, allowing a new cycle to begin. Although this scenario has been well depicted in previous studies, it remains incomplete as the issues of dissipation and particle acceleration are not yet fully resolved. In this work, we aim to revisit these issues with a first-principles kinetic plasma model. We perform two-dimensional global general relativistic particle-in-cell simulations of magnetized spherical accretion onto a Schwarzschild black hole, for both pair and electron-ion plasmas. The simulations are evolved over long timescales to capture multiple flux eruption events and establish a quasi-steady state. For each accretion cycle, we find that the system goes through three main stages: (i) an ideal advection phase where magnetic flux through the horizon increases quasi-linearly with time; (ii) a reconnection-regulated phase where the net increase of the flux is slowed down by intermittent reconnection events near the horizon; and (iii) a flaring phase when a major, large-scale reconnection event expels the flux, leading to efficient particle acceleration. The emergence of large-amplitude quasi-periodic flux eruptions and concomitant particle acceleration is reminiscent of Sgr A* flaring activity. This phenomenon could also be applicable to quiescent black holes, especially isolated black holes accreting the interstellar medium.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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